Opasa

Lokacin da muke nazarin dukkanin duniyoyin tsarin hasken rana mun ga cewa akwai su biyun duniyoyin ciki kamar yadda Planananan taurari. Koyaya, akwai wurare daban-daban na sararin samaniya waɗanda aka keɓe don bincika duniyoyi a waje da tsarin hasken rana. An sanar da duniyoyin da aka gano sama da iyakar yankin da rana take kayan kwalliya.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu fada muku duk abin da ya kamata ku sani game da kayan kwalliya da kuma hanyoyin da ake bi don gano su.

Menene exoplanets

Akwai ayyuka da yawa da suke yunƙurin bincika sabbin abubuwa waɗanda suka wuce tsarin hasken rana. Wannan lokacin yana nufin duniyoyin da suke bayan duniyar rana, kodayake babu wani ma'anar hukuma da ta dace da takamaiman halaye. Fiye da shekaru goma da suka gabata Astungiyar Astungiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya (IAU, a Turanci) ta yi wasu rarrabe-rarrabe don su iya ayyana sharuɗɗan duniya da dwarf da kyau. Lokacin kafa wadannan sabbin ma'anoni Ba a sake daukar Pluto a hukumance a matsayin duniyoyi ba kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin dwarf planet.

Dukkan ra'ayoyin biyu suna nuni ne ga halittun samaniya wadanda suke kewaye rana. Halin da ke tattare da su shine cewa suna da isasshen taro don ƙarfin kansu zai iya shawo kan ƙarfin jiki mara ƙarfi don su sami daidaituwar ruwa. Koyaya, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, irin wannan baya faruwa tare da ma'anar exoplanets. Babu wata yarjejeniya har zuwa yau akan halaye da suka dace da duniyoyin da aka gano sama da tsarin rana.

Don sauƙin amfani, yana nufin exoplanets kamar yadda yake zuwa duk duniyoyin da suke wajen tsarin hasken rana. Wannan shi ne, kuma an san su ne da sunan taurari mai karin haske.

Babban fasali

Tunda dole ne a kafa yarjejeniya don ayyanawa, tattarawa da kuma rarraba waɗannan taurarin, akwai buƙatar halaye na gama gari. Ta wannan hanyar, IAU ta tattara halaye guda uku waɗanda yakamata masu sarauta su kasance dasu. Bari mu ga menene waɗannan halaye guda uku:

• Za su zama abubuwa masu nauyin gaske a ƙasan iyakantaccen taro don haɗakar makaman nukiliya.
• Kewaye a kusa da tauraro ko sauran taurari.
• Gabatar da taro da / ko girman da ya fi wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman iyakance ga duniya a cikin tsarin rana.

Kamar yadda ake tsammani, an kafa halayen kwatanci tsakanin duniyoyin da suke waje da cikin tsarin rana. Dole ne mu nemi halaye iri ɗaya tunda dukkan duniyoyi galibi suna kewayawa cikin tauraruwa ta tsakiya. Ta wannan hanyar, "tsarin hasken rana" an halicce su lokaci guda don samar da abin da muka sani a matsayin tauraron dan adam. Idan muka duba a cikin ƙamus na makarantar sarauta ta Spain za mu ga cewa ba a haɗa kalmar exoplanet.

An gano exoplanet na farko fiye da rubu'in karni da suka gabata. Kuma shine a cikin 1992 masana ilimin taurari da yawa sun gano jerin duniyoyin da suka dabaibaye tauraruwar da aka sani da Lich. Wannan tauraron yana da mahimmanci saboda yana fitar da jujjuyawar a wani gajeren lokaci.. Kuna iya cewa wannan tauraron yayi aiki kamar haske.

Shekaru da yawa bayan wannan, kungiyoyin masana kimiyya biyu sun sami exoplanet na farko wanda ya kewaya da tauraruwa kwatankwacin rana. Wannan binciken yana da matukar mahimmanci ga duniyar falaki, tunda ya nuna cewa duniyoyi sun wanzu fiye da iyakokin tsarin hasken rana. Ari ga haka, an tabbatar da wanzuwar duniyoyin da ke iya kewaya taurari kama da namu. Wato, sauran tsarin hasken rana na iya wanzuwa.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, tare da ci gaban fasaha, jama'ar cientifica ta sami damar gano dubunnan halittu masu rarrafe a wurare daban-daban don neman sabbin duniyoyi. Mafi sani shi ne Kepler telescope.

Hanyoyin bincika exoplanets

Tunda ba za a iya gano wadannan abubuwan da ke jikinsu a zahiri ba, akwai dabaru daban-daban don gano wadannan duniyoyin da suka wanzu sama da tsarin hasken rana. Bari mu ga menene hanyoyi daban-daban:

• Hanyar wucewa: yana daya daga cikin mahimman fasahohi a yau. Burin wannan hanyar shine auna hasken da yake fitowa daga tauraro. Hanyar yaduwa tsakanin sarki tauraruwa da duniya ta yadda hasken da zai riske mu zai ragu lokaci-lokaci. Zamu iya fahimtar cewa a kaikaice akwai wata duniyar ta daban a wannan yankin. Wannan hanyar ta yi nasara sosai kuma ita ce wacce aka fi amfani da ita a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
• Astrometry: yana daya daga cikin rassan ilimin taurari. Zai zama mai kula da nazarin matsayi da kuma dacewar motsin taurari. Godiya ga dukkan karatuttukan ta hanyar taurari, yana yiwuwa a gano exoplanets ta ƙoƙarin auna wata ƙaramar hargitsi da taurari keyi akan taurari masu kewaya. Koyaya, har zuwa yau ba a sami wata duniyar duniya ta amfani da taurari ba.
• Radial saurin gudu: wata dabara ce wacce take auna saurin tauraruwar da zata yi motsi a cikin karamin kewayon da aka samar dashi ta hanyar jan hankalin mahaifa. Wannan tauraruwar zata yi gaba zuwa nesa da mu har sai ta kammala nata falakin. Zamu iya lissafa saurin gefen gefen tauraruwa idan muna da mai sa ido daga kasa. An san wannan saurin ne da sunan saurin radial. Duk waɗannan ƙananan bambancin a cikin saurin suna haifar da canje-canje a cikin tauraron tauraron dan adam. Wannan shine, idan muka bi diddigin saurin radiyo zamu iya gano sabbin abubuwa.
• Pulsars chronometry: farkon taurarin duniyan da ya fara zagayawa ya ta'allaka ne da pulsar. An san wannan pulsar da hasken rana. Suna fitar da hasken wuta a takaice, tazarar da bata dace ba kamar wutar lantarki. Idan exoplanet ya jujjuya taurari wanda yake da waɗannan halaye, to tasirin katangar hasken da ya isa duniyarmu zai iya shafar. Waɗannan halayen za su iya yi mana aiki a matsayin ra'ayi don sanin wanzuwar sabuwar ƙungiyar da za ta zagaya pulsar.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da kayan kwalliya da yadda ake gano su.