Kalanda na da

Kalanda yana ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen batun lokacin zamantakewar. Ta hanyar nazarin sa, zamu iya samun bayanai game da wasu halaye na al'umma. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin sanannun imani da imanin Kirista, tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, ra'ayoyin rayuwar ɗan adam, da sauransu. An nuna su a cikin kalandar fasaha ko ta adabi wacce ke nuna waɗannan halaye, da kuma maganganun magana da muke kira karin magana. Yau zamuyi magana akansa kalandar na da.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tarihi, mahimmanci da yadda zaku iya ganin kalandar na da.

Tarihin kalandar zamanin da

A lokacin Tsararru na Tsakiya, kalandar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin wasu takardu na daɗaɗawa a cikin ƙasashen kirista na tsibirin Iberian sun bambanta da kalandar da muke amfani da ita a yau. A gefe guda, kalandar mafi yawan lokuta alama ce ta zamanin Spanish, ko da yake za mu ga wasu samfura ba da daɗewa ba A gefe guda, kwanan wata da ranar suna bin kalandar Roman kuma lokacin rana yana bin lokacin da aka saba amfani dasu a gidan sufi.

Wannan hanyar ƙawancen ya bayyana da cewa anyi amfani da shi a Yankin Iberiya tun daga ƙarni na XNUMX, kuma an inganta shi sosai a cikin Visigoths da Babban Zamani. Gaba ɗaya asalinsa an yi imanin yana nufin Hispanic waɗanda Romawa suka zaunar da shi. A wannan mahangar, ya faru ne a shekara ta 38 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, watau a shekarar 716 lokacin da aka kafa garin Rome, duk da cewa mun san ba haka bane. Haƙiƙa ya faru har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe na Cantabrian a cikin 19 BC.

Saboda haka, idan muna da takaddar kwanan wata daidai da zamanin Hispanic, dole ne mu cire shekaru 38 kuma za mu sami shekarar da ta dace da kalandar yanzu. Misali, idan takaddar takaddara ce a cikin ya 1045, sa'annan don lissafin shekara bisa kalandar mu: 1045 - 38 = 1007, ma'ana, ya dace da shekarar 1007 ta kalandarmu.

Ya kasance kirista

A shekara ta 532, maigida Dionysius the Meager ya kirga ranar da aka haifi Yesu Kristi: 25 ga Disamba, 752 bayan kafuwar Rome. Sakamakon wannan abin mamakin, an tabbatar da cewa bayan 31 ga Disamba, 752, daga kafuwar Rome, aka bi ta 1 ga Janairu, shekara 1 ta zamanin Kirista. Har zuwa yau ba a san takamaiman lissafin da Dionysus ya yi amfani da shi don kai wannan ƙarshen kalandar ba. A ƙarshe ya ƙare da yin kuskure tsakanin bambancin shekaru 4-7. Koyaya, tun bayan bayyana shi, yayi aiki don lissafin shekarun mu.

Har ila yau, dole in tuna cewa shekara ta 0 ba a yin tunani ba. A lokacin ne lokacin da suka fara amfani da taƙaitawar AD wanda ke nufin anno domini ko shekarar Ubangiji. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na amfani da Dating na zamanin kirista dangane da ranar da aka zaba don shekarar da zata fara. Bari mu ga menene nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke wanzu:

• Shekarar Kaciya: shekara ta fara a ranar 1 ga Janairu kuma ita ce yanayin da muke amfani da shi a halin yanzu. Hakanan an yi amfani dashi don farawa shekara ta mulkin mallaka ta Roman. Nau'in shekara ne da sarakunan Merovingian suke amfani dashi a cikin karni na XNUMX. Wannan shi ne tasirin da zai iya yaduwa ko'ina cikin sauran Turai daga ƙarni na XNUMX. Zuwan Spain da matsayinsa na hukuma ya fara ne a ƙarni na XNUMX.
• Shekarar zama cikin jiki: a nan shekara za ta fara a ranar 25 ga Maris, lokacin da Budurwa Maryamu ta ɗauki cikin Yesu, wato, watanni tara kafin haihuwar Kristi.

Shekarar zama cikin jiki za a iya kwanan wata ta hanyoyi biyu daban-daban. A gefe guda, muna da lissafin Pisan da ake amfani dashi a Pisa da Siena tsakanin sauran biranen Tuscany na Italiya. Don samun damar matsawa zuwa wata kalanda, zai isa a cire shekara guda daga ranar idan ya kasance tsakanin 25 ga Maris da 31 ga Disamba kuma ya kasance daidai idan dai yana cikin sauran tazarar.

A gefe guda kuma muna da lissafin Florentine. Shekarar zata fara anan 25 ga Maris, amma bayan Budurwa Maryamu ta dauki cikin Yesu Kiristi. Bayan haka, idan kwanan watan Florentine tsakanin 1 ga Janairu da 24 ga Maris, dole ne a ƙara shekara guda don canja shi zuwa lissafinmu. Idan ranar Florentine ta kasance tsakanin 25 ga Maris zuwa 31 ga Disamba zai kasance daidai. An yi amfani da shi a cikin Sarautar Aragon har zuwa lokacin mulkin Pedro IV.

Kalandar matsakaici: wasu shekaru

Akwai wasu nau'ikan shekarun cikin kalandar na da. Bari mu ga abin da suke:

• Shekarar haihuwa: shekara tana farawa a ranar haihuwar Kristi wanda ya kasance 25 ga Disamba. An yi amfani da shi galibi a cikin jihohin Italiya da sauran ƙasashe na ƙarni na 1350. An kafa shi a matsayin jami'i a Aragon a 25. A wannan yanayin, idan kwanan wata ya kasance tsakanin 31 ga Disamba zuwa XNUMX ga Disamba, dole ne a cire shekara guda daga wannan ranar. Sauran kwanakin sunyi daidai.
• Shekarar tashin kiyama: shine nau'in shekara na ƙarshe wanda yake kasancewa a cikin kalandar zamanin da. Yana da mafi rikitarwa don canzawa zuwa kalandarmu tun ranar Lahadi Ista ba ta da tsayayyen rana. Ya dogara da kalandar wata da lokacin da aka saita bikin Makon Mai Tsarki.

Watanni na shekara

Daga kalandar zamanin da an sami watannin shekara da aka samo a cikin takaddun da suka fara daga tsakiyar Zamani. Idan a kalandar Roman bayan sake fasalin Julian da ya raba shekara zuwa watanni 12, kamar yadda muka san shi a yau. Bari mu ga menene watanni na kalandar da ke da daɗewa:

• Janairu: sunan ta ya fito ne daga kalmar kofa kuma yana da alaƙa da Allah Janus. Wannan saboda shine watan da yake jagorantar shekara.
• Fabrairu: sun fito ne daga sunan februa wanda ke nufin bukukuwan tsarkakewa. Dole ne mu tuna cewa a cikin kalandar Julian duk shekarun da za a iya raba su da 4 sun yi tsalle, yayin da a namu yake kowace shekara 4.
• Maris: Wata ne da aka keɓe ga Allah na Yaƙi.
• Afrilu: sunan asalin bai tabbata ba.
• Mayu: sunan na iya zuwa ne daga allahiyar Roman mai suna Maia wanda bikin da Romawa ke yi a wannan watan.
• Yuni: sunan watan ya fito ne daga wanda ya kafa jamhuriyar Roman.
• Yuli: suna ne na girmama Julius Caesar cewa babu wani acid a wannan watan.
• Agusta: 3030 30 ana kiransa da suna Sextilis, amma daga 8 BC kafin nan ana kiran warin Emperor Augustus augustus.
• Satumba: An kira shi wannan hanyar saboda shine watan bakwai tun Maris
• Oktoba: A da shi ne wata na takwas tun Maris.
• Nuwamba: A baya wata na tara tun Maris
• Disamba: A baya wata na goma tun Maris

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da kalandar na da da tarihinta.