Tun lokacin da aka fara nazarin ilimin taurari har zuwa yau, an sami ci gaba da yawa a matakin fasaha da gwaji. Wannan ci gaban ya kai matsayin da tuni mun ga hoton farko na bakin rami. Bakin rami na farko da aka fara gani shine yanki mai duhu, keɓaɓɓen lokaci-lokaci. Tana nan da shekaru haske miliyan 55 daga duniyarmu a cikin tauraron dan Adam na Messier 87.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da hoton farko na baƙin rami da halayensa.
Hoton farko na bakin rami
Ka tuna cewa saboda nisan da waɗannan baƙin ramuka suke, yana da wuya a sami hotuna da bayanai game da su. An samo hoton farko na baƙin rami a cikin tauraron ɗan adam na Messier 87 kuma ana iya gani yanki mai duhu mai nauyi kamar rana biliyan 7.000 a lokaci guda. Ana iya cewa wahalar samun damar ɗaukar hoto na farko na baƙin rami daidai yake da ɗaukar lemu daga saman Duniya a saman Wata.
Bayyanar hoton farko na baƙi halogen yana tunatar da ido na Sauron. Godiya ga sakamakon da aka samu daga wannan abin lura, za'a iya tabbatar da ka'idar Einstein game da dangantakar gaba ɗaya. Wannan babbar nasara ce ga ɗan adam wanda a ciki Fiye da masana kimiyya 200 daga ƙasashe daban-daban suka halarci. An yi shakkar wanzuwar baƙin ramuka a wasu lokuta. Tare da fasahar bayani ta yau, yanzu abin ba haka bane. Muna iya ganin tasirin kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ta ɓoye ramuka akan taurari, taurari, da gajimare masu amfani da iskar gas. Dukkanin waɗannan tasirin tasirin ka'idar Einstein ne game da dangantakar gaba ɗaya. Koyaya, idan aka ba da iyakancin fasaha, ba a taɓa ganin ɗayansu ba.
Einstein yayi gaskiya
Sakamakon nasarorin waɗannan binciken don samun damar hoton farko na ramin baƙar fata ba wai kawai ga waɗannan masanan 200 ba ne, amma har tsawon lokacin bincike da haɗakar bayanai waɗanda suka ɗauki shekaru da yawa. Baya ga hoton, an gabatar da labaran kimiyya guda 6 inda aka yi bayanin duk abin da aka samu game da sararin samaniya wanda sanannen sanannenmu ne.
Wannan hoton yana da mahimmanci saboda tabbaci ne ga abin da aka hango a cikin yanayin Einstein. Lamarin baƙin rami wani abu ne wanda kusan Einstein kansa bai yarda da shi ba. Koyaya, a yau sananne ne saboda ci gaban kimiyya cewa wannan gaskiyane. Hoton farko na bakin rami ya haifar da wani sabon zamani na falaki wanda za'a gwada ingancin lissafin Einstein dangane da nauyi.
Sagittarius A * shine babbar bakar rami a tsakiyar hanyar Milky Way. Ana iya kiyaye shi ta telescopes. Masana kimiyya sun bayyana cewa bayanai don sanin tasirin wannan baƙar rami har yanzu ba a warware su ba. Ana tsammanin rami ne mai wuce gona da iri, kodayake ana buƙatar ƙarin lura da bincike don ba da ƙarshe.
Hoton farko na ramin baƙin godiya ga fasaha
Ayyuka da fasaha don kallon sararin samaniya suna ci gaba da haɓaka. Kuna iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai don fahimtar yadda sararin samaniya yake aiki. Asalin sararin samaniya shine makasudin ƙarshe na duk ilimin da mutum yayi ƙoƙari ya samu game da duniya. Godiya ne ga fasaha cewa an ɗauki hoton ramin baƙin farko. Duk na'urorin hangen nesa da aka yi amfani dasu sun tattara raƙuman ruwa daga baƙin ramuka waɗanda suke da tsayin milimita ɗaya. Wannan tsayin nisan shine abin da zai iya ratsawa ta cibiyoyin taurari wadanda suke cike da ƙura da iskar gas.
Kalubale na samun hoton farko na ramin bakar fata ya kasance babba ganin cewa abubuwan da za'a gani dasu suna da nisa sosai kuma suna da karamin girma. Ginin M87 yana da diamita na kilomita biliyan 40.000 kuma yana da nisan shekaru 55 nesa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa ya kasance babban kalubale tun lokacin da lura ya zama dole don shirya kayan aikin yana buƙatar sauyawar aiki har zuwa 18 hours a rana. Abu mafi wahala shine bincika dukkan bayanan da aka tattara.
Don samun ra'ayi game da adadin bayanan da dole ne a sarrafa su, an kama 5 petabytes na bayanai. Ana iya kwatanta wannan da "nauyi" wanda duk waƙoƙin MP3 da ake buƙata don kunna tsawon shekaru 8.000 a jere ba tare da tsayawa ba zasu sami.
Halaye na baƙin ramuka
Wadannan bakin ramuka ba komai bane face ragowar tsoffin taurarin da suka daina wanzuwa. Taurari yawanci suna da adadi mai yawa na kayan aiki da barbashi kuma, sabili da haka, yawancin ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi. Dole ne mutum ya ga yadda Rana zata iya mallakar duniyoyi 8 da sauran taurari kewaye da shi ci gaba. Godiya ga nauyin Rana shine yasa Tsarin rana. Duniya ta ja hankalinta, amma ba yana nufin muna kara kusantowa da Rana ba.
Taurari da yawa suna ƙare rayuwarsu kamar fararen dwarfs ko taurarin neutron. Bakin ramuka sune farkon zangon halittar waɗannan taurari waɗanda suka fi Rana girma sosai.Kodayake ana zaton Rana tana da girma ƙwarai, har yanzu matsakaiciyar tauraruwa ce (ko ma ƙarami idan muka kwatanta ta da wasu). . Wannan shine yadda ake samun taurari sau 10 da 15 girman Girman Rana wanda idan suka daina wanzuwa, sai su samar da ramin baki.
Yayinda wadannan manyan taurari suka kai karshen rayuwarsu, sai suka fashe a cikin wani katon hatsari wanda muka sani a matsayin supernova. A cikin wannan fashewar, mafi yawan taurarin sun bazu a sararin samaniya kuma gutsuttsurarsa zasuyi yawo cikin sararin samaniya na dogon lokaci. Ba duk tauraron ne ke fashewa da watsawa ba. Sauran kayan da suka zauna "sanyi" shine wanda baya narkewa.
Lokacin da tauraruwa ke matashi, haɗuwar nukiliya ke haifar da kuzari da matsin lamba koyaushe saboda nauyi tare da waje. Wannan matsin lamba da kuzarin da yake haifarwa shine ke sanya shi cikin daidaituwa. An halicci nauyi daga tauraruwar kansa. A gefe guda, a cikin inert ya rage wanda ya kasance bayan supernova babu wani ƙarfin da zai iya tsayayya da jan hankalin nauyi, don haka abin da ya rage na tauraron ya fara narkar da kansa. Wannan shine abin da baƙin ramuka ke haifarwa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da yadda aka samo hoton farko na ramin baƙin fata.