Humboldt na yanzu

Yanayin Kudancin Amurka ya bambanta ƙwarai saboda yanayin ƙasa, yanayin yanayi da kuma yanayin teku. A cikin takamaiman lamarin Chile da Peru, yanayin teku yana da mahimmanci saboda abin da ake kira Humboldt na yanzu.

Amma, Menene asalinsa kuma menene tasirinsa akan yanayin? Za muyi magana game da duk wannan kuma ƙari da yawa a cikin wannan na musamman.

Menene rafin Humboldt?

Wannan halin yanzu, wanda aka fi sani da Peruvian current, Ruwa ne na ruwa wanda ya haifar da hauhawar zurfafan ruwaye kuma, saboda haka, ana tsananin sanyi, wanda ke faruwa a yankunan yammacin Kudancin Amurka. Masanin halittu dan kasar Jamus Alexander von Humboldt ne ya bayyana shi a cikin aikin shi "Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of New Continents" wanda aka buga a 1807.

Ruwa ne mafi mahimman ruwa a duniya, kuma har ila yau ɗayan waɗanda ke da sanannun tasirin tasirin sauyin yanayi, a wannan yanayin, gaɓar tekun Chile da Peru saboda haɗakar tasirin motsin juyawar duniya da kuma ƙarfin tsaka-tsakin ruwan tekun a yankin da ke tsakiya.

Bayan fitowa daga zurfin gabar, ruwanta yana da ƙarancin zafin jiki, kusan 4ºC, kuma yana kwarara ta hanyar arewa ta gefen yammacin gabar Kudancin Amurka, daidai yake da bakin tekun har sai ya kai ga latitude na mahaɗara. . Saboda wannan, yanayin zafin ruwan yana tsakanin 5 da 10ºC ƙasa da yadda ya kamata, la'akari da wurin sa da kusancin sa ga mahaɗiyar.

Ruwan sanyi suna da matukar gina jiki: musamman, dauke da babban sinadarin nitrates da phosphates daga tekun teku, wanda phytoplankton zai iya ciyarwa, wanda, bi da bi, zai iya hayayyafa da sauri kuma ya zama ɓangare na abincin zooplankton, wanda manyan dabbobi da mutane ma zasu ci.

Idan muka yi magana game da yanayin, duk da cewa yana da bushe da hamada, godiya ga halin Humboldt na yanzu wasu tsire-tsire masu tsananin wuya, kamar su cacti a cikin hamadar Sonoran, na iya rayuwa saboda yawan hazo da kazafi waɗanda aka tara su a bakin teku.

Koyaya, wani lokacin halin yanzu baya fitowa, kuma iskoki na arewa suna ɗaukar ruwan dumi kudu. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, wani dumi mai gudana, wanda aka sani da sunan El Niño, ya maye gurbinsa wanda ya haifar da hauhawar yanayin zafi na kusan 10ºC, wanda ke nuni da takaita flora da dabbobin ruwa, da barazana ga rayuwar wadancan dabbobi na doron kasa da ke cin abincin ta, kamar tsuntsaye.

Tasirin yanayi

Kamar yadda muka fada, yanayin bakin teku na Kudancin Amurka gabaɗaya bushe ne, hamada. Saboda latitude, ya kamata ya zama na wurare masu zafi da kuma yanayin ruwa, amma saboda ruwansa yana tsakanin 5 da 10ºC ƙasa da yadda yakamata su kasance, yanayi ya huce.

Don haka, a cikin me ya kamata ya kasance wurin dazuzzuka mai dausayi da yanayi mai daɗi, a cikin yankunan da ke hulɗa da wannan halin yanzu mun sami ƙananan hamada na bakin teku, kamar Atacama wanda yanayin zafinsa yakai tsakanin -25ºC da 50ºC, wanda kuma shine mafi bushewa a Duniya. Duk da kasancewa kusa da masarautar, damina tayi karanci sosai kuma tsire-tsire da dabbobi ne kawai za su iya rayuwa.

Wasu alamu sune:

• Shuke-shuke: Ricinus kwaminis, Shizopetalon tenuifolium, Senecio myriophyllus, Kofi
• Animales: zakunan teku, dawakai, maciji mai dogon lokaci, kwari, masu addu'ar mantis, kunama

Canjin yanayi yana tasiri akan halin Humboldt?

Abin takaici a. Ruwan sanyi da na alkaline suna da babban matakin oxygen, saboda abin da dabbobi da yawa zasu iya rayuwa a cikinsu, amma ruwan da ya kusan deoxygenated yana da halin yaɗuwa yayin da yanayin zafi ke ƙaruwa, ta yadda wasu dole ne su tafi wani wuri; Koyaya, wasu, kamar ango na Peru, an sami tagomashi kuma sun sami damar hayayyafa ta yadda yau suke da yawa cikin kwale-kwalen kamun kifi.

Peruvian da Chilean ruwan suna shan acid saboda dumamar yanayi. Kuma sakamakon wannan aikin, hatta yanayin yanayin gabar tekun Kudancin Amurka wata rana zai iya canzawa, yana sanya yanayin haɗari cikin haɗari.

Bugu da kari, lamarin El Niño ya kara karfi kuma akwai kwararrun da suka ce, yayin da duniya ke dumama, hargitsi da zai haifar zai fi girma, tunda ba kawai yana shafar yanayin da ke haifar da fari da ambaliyar ruwa ba, amma Har ila yau ga amfanin gona. Sakamakon haka, farashin abinci zai yi tsada saboda zai yi wahalar samarwa.

Ya zuwa yanzu, mafi munin El Niño ya kasance a cikin 1997, amma na 2016 kusan iri ɗaya ne. Tare da ruwan dumi, al'amuran yanayi kamar mahaukaciyar guguwa ko mahaukaciyar guguwa za su kara tsanani.

Shin kun san halin Humboldt na yanzu?