da geomagnetic hadari tashin hankali ne a cikin filin maganadisu na duniya wanda ke wucewa daga ƴan sa'o'i zuwa kwanaki. Asalin su na waje ne kuma suna haifar da karuwa kwatsam daga ɓangarorin da ke fitowa daga hasken rana wanda ya kai ga magnetosphere, yana haifar da canje-canje a filin maganadisu na duniya. Guguwar Geomagnetic yanayi ne na duniya kuma yana farawa a kowane wuri a duniya a lokaci guda. Duk da haka, girman guguwar da aka gani ya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri, kuma mafi girman latitude, girman girman.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku abin da geomagnetic hadari ne, abin da halaye da kuma hadarin ne.
Samuwar guguwar geomagnetic
Lamarin guguwar geomagnetic yana da alaƙa da ayyukan hasken rana. Rana ta kasance tana fitar da barbashi a cikin abin da ake kira "iskar rana." Wadannan barbashi yawanci ba sa kutsawa cikin yanayin duniya saboda magnetosphere na duniya yana karkatar da su.
Duk da haka, Rana ba ta da wani aiki akai-akai, sai dai tana nuna ayyukan da suka bambanta a tsawon shekaru 11, a cikin abin da ake kira "solar cycle", wanda aka ƙididdige shi da adadin wuraren da take gani a kowane lokaci. lokacin. . A cikin wannan zagaye na shekaru 11, Rana ta bambanta daga ƙaramin aiki tare da kusan bacewar wuraren rana zuwa mafi girman aiki tare da ƙaruwa mai yawa a lambar tabo.
Sunspots daidai da yankuna mai sanyaya a cikin hasken rana inda filin maganadisu ke da ƙarfi sosai kuma ana ɗaukar yankuna masu aiki na rana. A cikin waɗannan wuraren rana ne aka ƙirƙiri walƙiyar hasken rana da fitar da jama'a (CMEs). ) Yayi daidai da fashewar tashin hankali wanda ke jefa abubuwa masu yawa na coronal a cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin duniya, don haka yana canza yawan iskar hasken rana da saurinsa.
Lokacin da CMEs suka yi girma kuma suna faruwa a cikin jagorancin duniya, ƙarar yawa da saurin iskar hasken rana na iya lalata magnetosphere na duniya, haifar da guguwar geomagnetic. Wadannan sun shafi duniya baki daya a lokaci guda, kuma ya danganta da yadda iskar hasken rana ke kai ga fitar da karfi da karfi, za su iya daukar kwana daya ko ‘yan kwanaki kafin su faru, tunda wannan lamari yana faruwa ne a Rana.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an harba tauraron dan adam da dama zuwa sararin samaniya kula da ayyukan rana daga wurare daban-daban da kuma iya yin gargaɗi game da fitar da jama'a na coronal da ka iya shafar duniya.
Yadda za a auna geomagnetic hadari?
Ana yin rikodin guguwar geomagnetic a wuraren lura da yanayin geomagnetic azaman tashin hankali kwatsam wanda ya shafi sassan filin maganadisu na Duniya kuma yana dawwama na kwana ɗaya ko fiye har sai an sami kwanciyar hankali.
don ƙididdigewa Girman guguwar geomagnetic an yi amfani da Index ɗin Geomagnetic. Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi yawan amfani da su shine Dst index, wanda ke wakiltar aikin maganadisu na hanyar sadarwa na cibiyoyin binciken geomagnetic hudu da ke kusa da ma'aunin maganadisu, da ma'aunin sa'o'i uku, wanda ke wakiltar aikin.
Geomagnetism ana yin kowane sa'o'i uku. Daga cikin na ƙarshe, fihirisar K ita ce aka fi amfani da ita, wacce ita ce ma'aunin geomagnetic quasi-logarithmic, wanda ke wakiltar hargitsin filin geomagnetic na gida, kuma ya dogara ne akan canjin yanayin yanayin yanayin geomagnetic a cikin kwanaki natsuwa. Ana auna wannan a tsakar awa uku. A matakin duniya, an ayyana ma'aunin Kp, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ƙididdige ma'auni mai nauyi na kididdigar K da aka lura a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta duniya na masu lura da geomagnetic.
Hukumar NOAA ta Amurka ta ayyana ma'auni don ƙididdige ƙarfi da tasirin guguwar geomagnetic. Ya ƙunshi ƙima biyar masu yuwuwa (G1 zuwa G5) masu alaƙa da ƙimar fihirisar Kp da aka kai kuma tana wakiltar matsakaicin mitar da suke faruwa a kowace zagayowar rana.
Yanayin sararin samaniya ya ƙunshi nazarin yanayin muhalli tsakanin Rana da Duniya sakamakon ayyukan hasken rana da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da shi.
A halin yanzu, akwai kungiyoyi da yawa a duniya waɗanda suka kware a yanayin sararin samaniya, suna aiki don lura da rana da tasirinta a duniya, tattara bayanai daga tauraron dan adam, masu binciken geomagnetic, da sauran na'urori masu auna firikwensin. A Spain, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Kasa (SEMNES) tana gudanar da wadannan ayyuka na sa ido da yadawa, tare da halartar Cibiyar Kasa ta Kasa ta samar da bayanai daga dakin bincikenta na geomagnetic.
Sakamakon guguwar geomagnetic
Auroras
Guguwar Geomagnetic yawanci ƙanana ne a sikeli kuma baya haifar da lalacewa. Fitilolin arewa a yankin arewa da fitilun kudanci a yankin kudanci su ne mafi kyawun bayyanar guguwar geomagnetic, wanda aka yi ta hanyar caje-canjen hasken rana da ke mu'amala da yanayin duniya. Lokacin da adadi mai yawa na abu ya zo saboda tasirin fitar da kwayar cutar coronal taro, Filin maganadisu na duniya yana ƙoƙarin karkatar da waɗannan barbashi, amma daga karshe sai su kutsa cikin yankin da ke kusa da sandunan maganadisu da yin cudanya da saman saman sararin samaniya. wadannan nau'ikan, barbashi suna mu'amala da yanayin da ke cikin Gases (oxygen, nitrogen) suna mu'amala da juna, wanda zai daidaita launin da kuke gani.
Kodayake auroras sun zama ruwan dare a manyan latitudes, lokacin da aka haɗa su da matsananciyar guguwar geomagnetic, ana iya ganin su a ƙananan latitudes. Don haka, alal misali, babban guguwa "Carrington Event" a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1859 ya haifar da auroras a Turai, Amurka ta tsakiya, da Hawaii. A Spain, wannan al'amari ya yi kaurin suna kuma kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida ne suka ruwaito shi a lokacin.
Lalacewar guguwar Geomagnetic
A cikin ƙananan lokuta inda guguwar geomagnetic ta fi tsanani, za su iya haifar da lalacewa ga ababen more rayuwa da mutane.
A gefe guda, tauraron dan adam yana fuskantar hadarin kamuwa da cutar aikin barbashi masu kuzari, wanda zai iya lalata tsarinsa ko ya shafi aikinsa. Wannan zai iya shafar tsarin sakawa, tsarin kewayawa, ko tauraron dan adam sadarwa, haifar da babbar lalacewa da asarar kuɗi ga duk abubuwan more rayuwa waɗanda suka dogara da waɗannan tsarin don aiki.
A gefe guda, cibiyoyin rarraba wutar lantarki da bututun ƙarfe na ƙasa waɗanda za su iya haifar da igiyoyin geomagnetically induced (GICs) suna da hankali sosai. Irin wannan nau'in na yanzu na iya yin illa ga hanyoyin sadarwa na lantarki, yana haifar da taswirar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi don yin zafi ko ma ƙonewa, kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin guguwar geomagnetic na Maris 13, 1989. wanda ya haifar da wani sanannen baƙar fata a Quebec (Kanada). Bututun mai da iskar gas suna da saurin lalacewa saboda GIC, yayin da tsarin sigina na zirga-zirgar dogo na iya lalacewa, yana haifar da haɗari.
Har ila yau, guguwar geomagnetic mai ƙarfi tana shafar mutane lokacin tafiya da jirgin sama. Don haka, sau da yawa ana karkatar da jiragen sama a kan hanyoyin ruwa a lokacin tsananin guguwar geomagnetic, kuma dole ne 'yan sama jannati su ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jirgin har sai tasirin guguwar ta lafa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da guguwar geomagnetic da halayen su.