Andromeda galaxy ne wanda ya kunshi tsarin taurari, ƙura, da iskar gas, wanda dukkan su suna fama da nauyi. Tana can shekaru miliyan 2,5 daga Duniya kuma ita kadai ce jikin sama da ake iya gani da ido wanda baya cikin Milky Way. Rikodin farko na tauraron dan adam ya koma 961, lokacin da masanin taurarin Farisa Al-Sufi ya bayyana shi a matsayin ƙaramin gungun girgije a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Andromeda. Wataƙila, sauran tsoffin mutanen ma sun sami nasarar gane ta.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da shi Galaxy na Andromeda, halayensa da muhimmancinsa.
Babban fasali
Andromeda taurari ne mai karkace wanda siffar sa tayi kama da Milky Way namu. An fasalta shi kamar faifan faifai mai lanƙwasawa da makamai masu yawa da yawa a tsakiya. Ba duk taurari ne ke da wannan ƙira ba. Hubble ya lura da daruruwan su. A cikin sanannen zane na cokali mai yatsa ko jerin Hubble wanda har yanzu ana amfani da shi a yau, an raba su zuwa ellipticals (E), lenticulars (L), da spirals (S).
Hakanan, an raba galaxies masu karkace zuwa kashi biyu, waɗanda ke da sanduna na tsakiya da waɗanda ba su da sanduna na tsakiya. Amincewa na yanzu shine cewa namu Milky Way is a bloc spiral galaxy Sb. Duk da cewa ba za mu iya ganin ta daga waje ba, Andromeda mai sauƙi ne ko kuma ba ta hana ruwa shiga sararin samaniya Sb, kuma kusan za mu iya gani daga nan.
Bari mu ga mafi mahimmancin halayen Andromeda:
- Yana da dual core
- Girmansa yayi daidai da na Milky Way. Girman Andromeda ya ɗan fi girma kaɗan, amma Milky Way yana da babban taro kuma ya fi duhu duhu.
- Akwai taurarin tauraron dan adam da yawa a cikin Andromeda waɗanda ke mu'amala da hankali: tauraron tauraron dan adam: M32 da M110 da ƙaramin galaxy mai karkace M33.
- Its diamita ne 220.000 haske shekaru.
- Yana da kusan haske sau biyu kamar Milky Way kuma yana da taurari biliyan.
- Kusan kashi 3% na makamashin da Andromeda ke fitarwa yana cikin yankin infrared, yayin da ga Milky Way wannan kashi shine 50%. Yawancin lokaci wannan ƙimar tana da alaƙa da ƙimar tauraron, don haka yana da girma a cikin Milky Way kuma yana ƙasa a Andromeda.
Yadda ake hango taurarin Andromeda
Takardar Messier jerin jikunan sammai 110 ne tun daga 1774, waɗanda ke ba da sunan tauraron Andromeda da ake gani a cikin ƙungiyar taurari iri ɗaya kamar M31. Ka tuna da waɗannan sunaye lokacin neman taurari a taswirar sararin samaniya, saboda ana amfani da su a aikace -aikacen taurari da yawa akan kwamfutoci da wayoyin hannu.
Don ganin Andromeda, ya dace don fara gano ƙungiyar taurari Cassiopeia da farko, wanda ke da siffa ta musamman ta harafin W ko M, ya danganta da yadda kuke kallon ta. Cassiopeia yana da sauƙin gani a sararin sama, kuma Andromeda Galaxy yana tsakaninsa da ƙungiyar taurari Andromeda. Ka tuna cewa don ganin Milky Way da ido tsirara, sararin sama dole yayi duhu sosai kuma babu fitilun wucin gadi a kusa. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin dare mai haske, ana iya ganin Milky Way daga biranen da ke da yawan jama'a, amma aƙalla ana buƙatar taimakon dubura. A cikin waɗannan lamuran, ƙaramin farin oval zai bayyana a yankin da aka nuna.
Ta amfani da na'urar hangen nesa za ku iya rarrabe ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da tauraron dan adam sannan kuma za ku iya gano ƙananan taurarinsa biyu.
Mafi kyawun lokacin shekara don ganin shi shine:
- Yankin Arewa: Kodayake ganuwa tayi ƙasa a cikin shekara, mafi kyawun watanni shine Agusta da Satumba.
- Kudancin duniya: tsakanin Oktoba da Disamba.
- A ƙarshe, ana ba da shawarar a kiyaye yayin sabon wata, kiyaye sararin sama sosai kuma sanya suturar da ta dace da kakar.
Tsarin da asalin tauraron Andromeda
Tsarin Andromeda ainihin iri ɗaya ne da na duk taurarin karkace:
- Cibiyar atomic tare da babban ramin baƙar fata a ciki.
- Kwan fitila da ke kewaye da tsakiya kuma ta cika da taurari tana ci gaba a juyin halitta.
- Disk of interstellar matter.
- Halo, babban yanki mai yaɗuwa wanda ke kewaye da tsarin da aka riga aka sa masa suna, ya haɗu da halo na maƙwabciyar Milky Way.
Taurarin taurarin sun samo asali ne daga tsoffin protogalaxies ko gajimaren gas, kuma an tsara su a ciki ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan Babban Bang, kuma Babban Bang ɗin ya halicci sararin samaniya. A lokacin Babban Bang, an samar da ƙananan abubuwan hydrogen da helium. Ta wannan hanyar, dole ne a haɗa gungun taurari na farko na waɗannan abubuwan.
Da farko, an rarraba al'amarin daidai, amma a wasu wurare yana tarawa kaɗan fiye da sauran. A ina yawa yana da girma, nauyi yana fara aiki kuma yana haifar da ƙarin kayan da ke tarawa. Bayan lokaci, ƙanƙancewar nauyi ya haifar da protogalaxies. Andromeda na iya zama sakamakon hadewar protogalaxies da yawa wanda ya faru kimanin shekaru biliyan 10 da suka gabata.
Ganin cewa shekarun da aka kiyasta na sararin samaniya shine shekaru biliyan 13.700, Andromeda ya kafa jim kaɗan bayan Babban Bang, kamar Milky Way. A lokacin wanzuwarta, Andromeda ya mamaye sauran protogalaxies da galaxies, yana taimaka masa ya samar da salo na yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar su ta tauraron ma ta canza a tsawon lokaci, saboda ƙimar tauraron yana ƙaruwa yayin waɗannan hanyoyin.
Cepheids
Canjin Cepheid taurari ne masu tsananin haske, sun fi hasken rana haske, don haka ana iya ganin su ko da daga nesa. Polaris ko Pole Star misali ne na taurarin canjin Cepheid. Siffar su ita ce za su sha faɗaɗawa da ƙuntatawa lokaci -lokaci, lokacin da haskensu ke ƙaruwa da raguwa lokaci -lokaci. Shi ya sa ake kiransu taurari masu bugun jini.
Lokacin da ake ganin fitilu masu haske iri biyu a nesa daga nesa da dare, suna iya samun haske iri ɗaya, amma ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin hasken na iya zama ba ƙaramin haske da kusa ba, don haka suke kama iri ɗaya.
Girman taurari yana da alaƙa da haskensa: a bayyane yake cewa mafi girma girma, mafi girman haske. Sabanin haka, banbanci tsakanin girman da ake gani da maɗaukaki yana da alaƙa da nisan zuwa tushen.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tauraron Andromeda da halayensa.