Menene kunshin kankara?

La shirya Takaddar kankara ce da ke shawagi a cikin yankunan tekunan polar. Rayuwar Belar Bear ta dogara da farkon samuwar wannan dusar kankara, tunda ta hanyarsa ne zasu iya tafiya kuma, saboda haka, farauta. Amma zamuyi magana akan hakan daga baya.

Yanzu zamu maida hankali ne kan menene kunshin kankara, yadda ake samunta, da menene bambance-bambancen dake tsakanin wanda aka kafa a Antarctica da wanda aka samar a yankin Arctic.

Yaya ake kafa fakitin kankara?

Ruwan yana daskarewa daga farfajiya, tunda wanda ke ƙasan ya fi dumi saboda yana da matsaloli na ƙara yawan zafin nasa lokacin da hasken rana mai rauni sosai ya isa gare shi, fiye da yadda suke riga saman Poles ɗin. Don haka, fara karfafawa lokacin da narkewa / ƙarfin ƙarfi wanda ke tattare da gishirin ya ragu, wanda aka fi sani da zuriya cryoscopic.

Sannan suna kafawa ƙananan lu'ulu'u na ruwa mai tsabta, wanda ke saduwa kuma ya ƙare da samar da dusar kankara gaba daya daskararre, tare da kaurin kusan mita 1 idan aka sabunta kowace shekara, kodayake yana iya zuwa 20m a wasu maki idan ya ci gaba a kan lokaci.

Ta yaya Antarctica ta bambanta da Arctic?

Takaddun kankara na Antarctic da Arctic, yayin da suke iya zama kwatankwacinsu a zahiri, a zahiri sun sha bamban sosai:

• Antarctica: a lokacin watan kudu na Disamba, kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. A lokacin sanyi, ya sake zama, har sai ya game kusan dukkanin nahiyar. Don ba ku ra'ayin yadda yake canzawa a cikin yanayi daban-daban, ya kamata ku sani cewa a watan Satumba, a tsakiyar lokacin sanyi ko Polar Night kamar yadda ake kiransa, ya kai miliyan 18,8 km2, yayin da a cikin Maris, a lokacin dumi o Ranar Polar, an rage zuwa miliyan 2,6 km2. Don haka wuri ne mai sanyi na ɗan lokaci.
• Arctic: a wani gefen duniya, daskararren ƙasa koyaushe haka yake, daskarewa. Sassan da ke kusa da nahiyoyin da ke kewaye suna narkewa kowace shekara, lokacin da suke cin gajiyar yawon Tekun Arctic. Ko da hakane, shi ma yana fuskantar canje-canje a duk shekara: a watan Maris ya kai kilomita miliyan 15, kuma a watan Satumba ya kai miliyan 2 km6,5.

Kuna iya bincika su?

Tsawan ƙarni da yawa an sami mutane daban-daban, kamar Sir John Franklin (1786-1847), jami'in sojan ruwa da mai binciken Arctic, waɗanda suke son neman abin da ake kira Hanyar Arewa Maso Yamma (Yankin Arewa maso Yamma a Turanci), wanda shine sunan da ake san hanyar teku da ke iyakar Amurka ta Arewa, ta tsallaka Tekun Arctic da haɗa Davis Strait da Bering Strait, wato Tekun Atlantika da kuma Tekun Pacific, amma har yanzu ba a cimma nasara ba. Na sake, har yanzu.

Haƙiƙa ita ce wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa saboda ɗumamar yanayi ana iya rage zanen kankara na Arctic yadda zai iya yawo a ciki. A zahiri, suna da gaskiya, don haka da yawa A ranar 21 ga Agusta, 2007 an buɗe hanyar Arewa maso Yamma don zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a lokacin bazara, kuma ba tare da buƙatar amfani da kankara ba. Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin a cikin 1972 da aka warware wannan matakin. A cikin 'yan kwanan nan, ba tare da ci gaba ba, a cikin 2016, mun riga mun sanar da ku hakan wani jirgin ruwa mai dauke da mutane sama da 1.600 a ciki, gami da fasinjoji dubu, zai tashi daga Alaska a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, ya isa New York a ranar 20 ga Satumba.

Tabbas, 'yan adam koyaushe suna da wannan buƙata da wannan tunanin don ganin duniya, amma wannan na iya haifar da rikice-rikice tsakanin mazaunan waɗannan yankuna (ba mutane kawai ba, har ma dabbobin da ke zuwa nema).

Waɗanne abubuwa tasirin ice ke da shi a kan yanayin duniya?

Ruwan daskararren teku yana da sakamako ba kawai a cikin yankuna inda yake ba, har ma a yanayin duniya. Yana da tasiri biyu:

• Kare tekun, saboda yana aiki ne a matsayin mai kara karfin da zai hana tekun daskarewa. Don haka, an tsara rarraba zafi a doron ƙasa.
• Farin kankara shine sosai nuna, bayar da gudummawa ga albedo na duniya, wanda shine gwargwadon yanayin hasken rana wanda aka mayar dashi sararin samaniya.

Menene dabbobin da ke cin gajiyar kankara?

da polar Bears su ne dabbobin da muka fi sani. Su ne manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin Arctic, kuma suna buƙatar farauta don su rayu. Don yin wannan, sun dogara da fakitin kankara, kodayake murfin kankara yana ƙara raguwa: tsakanin 1979 da 2011, ya ragu da 14% a cikin shekaru goma. Wannan ya tilasta musu yin iyo sosai, da jefa rayuwar matasa cikin haɗari da nasu.

Akwai wasu dabbobi, kamar su likeda crustaceans (krill), kifi wannan ya zama jerin kayan abinci wanda, sai dai idan an dauki kwararan matakai don dakile dumamar yanayi, sakamakon hakan na iya dagula daidaituwar wannan lalataccen yanayin halittar.