Pacific Ocean
A duniyar duniyar da ruwa ya rufe 75% na fuskarta, tekuna suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita yanayin duniya gabaɗaya, daga sanduna zuwa na wurare masu zafi. Kuma yana can, a cikin ruwa mai zafi na gabashin Pacific, inda wani yanayi mai ban mamaki ya faru wanda ya fara ta hanyar kasancewa cikin gida, amma ya ƙare da samun sakamako a duk duniya: El Niño.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu bayyana menene shi da yadda yake shafar yanayin duniya don haka zaka iya koyo game da tekuna da tasirin da suke dashi a dukkan sassan duniyar tamu.
Menene sabon abu na El Niño?
El Niño Al'amari ne da yake da nasaba da dumamar ruwan gabashin tekun Pacific, mai zagayawa, wanda ke faruwa duk bayan shekaru uku ko takwas kuma yakan kwashe watanni 8-10.. Lokaci ne mai dumi na yanayin yanayin tsaka-tsakin yanayi na Pacific wanda ake kira El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO don ƙarancin kalmomin ta da Turanci. Al’amari ne da ke haifar da asara mai yawa da kuma babbar asara a yankin da ake hada-hadar yankuna da kuma yankin masarufi, galibi saboda tsananin ruwan sama.
Masuntan na Peru sun ba shi wannan suna yana nufin jariri Yesu, kuma kowace shekara yanayi mai dumi yana bayyana na Kirsimeti. Ya kasance har sai 1960 da aka lura cewa ba al'adar Peruvian bace, amma da gaske yana da sakamako a duk faɗin yankin Pacific har ma da nesa.
Har yanzu ba a bayyana yadda abin yake faruwa ba, amma masanin yanayi Jacob Bjerknes (1897-1975) ya danganta yanayin zafi na saman tekun tare da raƙuman iska daga gabas da kuma ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ke tare da su.
Daga baya, wani masanin yanayi mai suna Abraham Levy ya lura da hakan ruwan teku, wanda yake da sanyi lokacin kaka da hunturu, yana zafafa kuma sakamakon haka, yanayin zafin iska yana ƙaruwa. Ruwan ruwan dumi yana tafiya a ƙarƙashin teku, daga Australia zuwa Peru.
Yaya aka gano abin mamaki?
Kamar yadda yake da sakamako wanda ka iya zama ɓarna, yana da matukar mahimmanci a sami tsarin da za'a gano shi cikin lokaci. Don haka, za a iya ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don kauce wa mafi yawan yiwuwar mutuwa. A gare shi, tauraron dan adam, ana amfani da buoys mai iyo kuma ana nazarin teku don sanin menene yanayin saman teku a yankin mashigar ruwa. Bugu da kari, ana binciken iska saboda, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, canjin iska na iya zama manuniya cewa lamarin El Niño na gab da faruwa.
Wace tasiri take da shi a yanayi?
El Niño, al'amarin da ke faruwa tsawon shekaru, yana da tasirin gaske a yanayin duniya. A zahiri, a yau yana iya canza yanayin canjin yanki sosai ta yadda, saboda ƙaruwar yawan mutane, ya zama da gaggawa cewa ƙasashen da abin ya shafa na iya ɗaukar matakan gaske don magance tasirin sa. Kuma wannan shine, bayan ci gabanta, canje-canje a yanayin zafi da yanayin ruwan sama da iska suna faruwa a cikin duniya.
Bari mu san menene tasirin sa:
- A duniya: bayanan zafin jiki, sauye-sauye a yanayin yanayi, bayyanar cututtuka masu wahalar kawarwa (kamar kwalara), asarar tsirrai da dabbobi.
- A Kudancin Amurka: raguwar matsin yanayi, dumama Humboldt A halin yanzu da lokuta masu danshi sosai yayin ruwan sama mai tsananin gaske.
- Kudu maso gabashin Asiya: ƙananan girgije, mahimman fari da raguwar yanayin zafin teku.
Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura da hakan babu El Niño guda ɗaya. Wannan yana nufin cewa yankunan da abin ya shafa a lokacin ƙarshe bazai sake tasiri ba. Za su sami damar mafi girma, ee, amma ba za ku iya sani ba tabbas.
Alaka tsakanin El Niño da canjin yanayi
Duk da yake ba a san takamaiman tasirin tasirin canjin yanayi a kan lamarin El Niño ba, masana kimiyya da yawa sun nuna a cikin binciken wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar 'Nature' a shekarar 2014 cewa yawan faruwar lamarin, da kuma karfinta, mai yiwuwa ya karu yayin da matsakaicin yanayin duniya ya tashi. Koyaya, Interungiyar Hukumomin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ba ta ɗauki wannan mahaɗin a matsayin tabbatacce ba, me yasa?
To amsar ita ce lokacin da muke magana game da canjin yanayi muna magana ne game da yanayin sauyin yanayi, yayin da lamarin El Niño ya zama canjin yanayi. Koyaya, akwai wasu masu nazarin yanayi, kamar Jorge Carrasco, waɗanda suka yarda da binciken cewa a cikin duniya mai ɗumi, ƙarfin El Ni ando da kuma yawansa zai ƙaru.
Kamar yadda muka gani, El Niño wani lamari ne wanda zai iya haifar da sakamako mai yawa da mahimmanci a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Don tsaron lafiyarmu, yana da mahimmanci mu rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli don hana zafin jiki ci gaba da hauhawa, saboda idan ba mu yi haka ba, ban da tasirin sauyin yanayi, dole ne mu kiyaye kanmu daga wani abu mai tsananin El Niño.