Dusar ƙanƙara shine ake kira daskararren ruwa wanda ya tsagaita. Ba wani abu bane face ruwa a yanayi mai kauri wanda ke faduwa kai tsaye daga gajimare. Gudun kankara sunada lu'ulu'u ne na kankara wadanda, yayin da suke gangarowa zuwa doron kasa, suka lullube komai da kyakkyawan farin bargo.
Idan kana son sanin yadda dusar kankara take, me yasa yake yin dusar kankara, nau'ikan dusar da ke wanzu da yadda suke zagayowar su, ci gaba da karatu 🙂
Gabaɗaya
Yayinda dusar kankara ta fadi san shi a matsayin nevada. Wannan lamari yana faruwa a yankuna da yawa waɗanda halayensu ke cikin ƙarancin zafin jiki (galibi a lokacin hunturu). Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara take da yawa, sukan lalata kayayyakin ayyukan birni da katse ayyukan yau da kullun da masana'antu a lokuta da yawa.
Tsarin flakes fractal ne. Fractals siffofi ne na sihiri wanda ake maimaitawa a sikeli daban-daban, yana haifar da tasirin gani sosai.
Garuruwa da yawa suna da dusar ƙanƙara a matsayin babban jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido (misali, Sierra Nevada). Godiya ga dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi a cikin waɗannan wuraren, zaku iya yin wasanni daban-daban kamar su gudu ko kankara. Kari kan hakan, dusar kankara na ba da shimfidar wurare kamar na mafarki, wanda zai iya jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da dama da kuma samar da babbar riba.
Yaya aka kafa ta?
Munyi magana game da yadda dusar ƙanƙara take da jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido kuma ta bar kyawawan wurare a yayin farkawa. Amma ta yaya waɗannan flakes suke?
Snow suna kananan lu'ulu'u ne na daskararren ruwa waɗanda ke samuwa a cikin ɓangaren sama na troposphere ta shayar da ɗigon ruwa. Lokacin da wadannan digon ruwan suka yi karo, suna haduwa da juna don samar da dusar kankara. Lokacin da flake yana da nauyi wanda ya fi ƙarfin iska, sai ya faɗi.
Don wannan ya faru, yanayin ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara dole ya kasance ƙasa da sifiri. Tsarin samuwar yayi daidai da dusar ƙanƙara ko ƙanƙara. Bambanci kawai tsakanin su shine zafin yanayin samuwar.
Idan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo a ƙasa, sai ta yi ta tasowa. Muddin yanayin zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da ƙirar digiri, zai ci gaba kuma zai ci gaba da adana shi. Idan zafin jiki ya tashi, flakes din zai fara narkewa. Yanayin zafin da dusar ƙanƙara ke samu yawanci -5 ° C. Ana iya ƙirƙirar shi da ɗan ƙaramin zafin jiki mafi girma, amma ya fi yawa daga -5 ° C.
Gabaɗaya, mutane suna danganta dusar ƙanƙara da tsananin sanyi, lokacin da gaskiyar ita ce mafi yawan zubar dusar kankara na faruwa ne yayin da ƙasa ke da zafin jiki na 9 ° C ko fiye. Wannan saboda ba a la'akari da mahimmin mahimmanci: laima mai zafi. Danshi shine yanayin sanyin kasancewar dusar ƙanƙara a wuri. Idan yanayi ya bushe sosai, ba za a yi dusar ƙanƙara ba ko da kuwa yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa sosai. Misalin wannan shine Dry Valleys na Antarctica, inda akwai kankara, amma ba dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Akwai lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara take bushewa. Lokaci ne game da lokacin da flakes, wanda aka kirkira tare da laima na yanayin, ya ratsa ta cikin iska mai bushewa wacce ke jujjuya su zuwa wani irin ƙurar foda wanda baya manna ko'ina kuma hakan ya dace da waɗannan wasannin dusar ƙanƙarar.
Snowanƙarar da aka tara bayan dusar ƙanƙara tana da fannoni daban-daban dangane da yadda ayyukan meteorological suke haɓaka. Idan akwai iska mai karfi, dusar kankara, da sauransu.
Siffofin Snowflake
Flakes galibi suna auna santimita fiye da ɗaya, kodayake girmansu da abubuwan da suke haɗuwa sun dogara da nau'in dusar ƙanƙara da yanayin zafin sama.
Lu'ulu'u na kankara yazo da siffofi da yawa: Prisms, faranti masu faɗi ko taurari da aka sani. Wannan ya sanya kowane dusar ƙanƙara ta musamman, duk da cewa duk suna da ɓangarori shida. Ananan yanayin zafin jiki, mai sauƙin ƙwanƙwasa ƙanƙara da ƙarami a cikin girma.
Nau'in dusar ƙanƙara
Akwai dusar ƙanƙan iri daban-daban gwargwadon yadda ta faɗo ko aka samar da ita da kuma yadda ake adana ta.
Sanyi
Wani nau'in dusar ƙanƙara ce siffofin kai tsaye a ƙasa. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kasa sifili kuma akwai tsananin danshi, ruwan dake saman duniya yana daskarewa kuma yana haifar da sanyi. Wannan ruwan yana tarawa a fuskokin fuskokin iska inda yake iya jigilar ruwan zuwa tsirrai da duwatsun da ke saman duniya.
Manyan, fuka-fukan fuka-fukan fuka-fukai ko amintattun abubuwa na iya samarwa.
Sanyin sanyi
Bambancin wannan sanyi da wanda ya gabata shine wannan dusar kankara yana haifar da tabbatattun siffofin lu'ulu'u kamar takubban takobi, gungurawa da hotuna. Tsarin samuwar ta ya bambanta da sanyi na al'ada. An kafa shi ta hanyar aiwatar da sublimation.
Foda dusar ƙanƙara
Irin wannan dusar ƙanƙarar ita ce sanannen sanannen zama fluffy da haske. Shine wanda ya rasa haɗin kai saboda bambancin yanayin zafin jiki tsakanin ƙarewa da cibiyoyin lu'ulu'u. Wannan dusar ƙanƙan tana ba da izinin tafiya mai kyau a kan kankara.
Dusar ƙanƙara
Wannan dusar kankara ta samu ne ta ci gaba da sakewa da narkewar iska wanda yake fama da shi ta wuraren da zafin jikin sa yayi kadan amma akwai rana. Dusar ƙanƙarar tana da lu'ulu'u masu kauri da zagaye.
Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara
Wannan dusar kankara ita ce ya fi gama gari a cikin bazara. Ya na da laushi da laushi masu laushi waɗanda ba su da juriya da yawa. Yana iya haifar da dusar ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara ko farantin dusar ƙanƙara. Yawanci ana samunta a yankunan da hazo ya ragu.
Crusted dusar ƙanƙara
Wannan nau'in yana samuwa lokacin da narkewar ruwa daga sama ya sake zama kuma ya samarda danshi mai kyau. Yanayin da ke haifar da samuwar wannan dusar ƙanƙarar shine iska mai ɗumi, wadataccen ruwan ruwa, yanayin rana da ruwan sama.
A yadda aka saba Layer ɗin da ke samarwa ta fi siriri da karye lokacin da kankara ko takalmi suka wuce ta kanta. Koyaya, akwai yanayi wanda wani lokacin farin ciki, mai ɓawon burodi idan aka yi ruwa sama sai ruwa ya bi ta dusar kankara ya daskare. Wannan scab din yafi hatsari sosai saboda yadda yake mai santsi. Irin wannan dusar kankara ta fi yawaita a yankuna da lokutan ruwan sama.
Farantin iska
Iska tana ba da sakamako na tsufa, karyewa, haɗuwa da haɓaka dukkan samfuran saman saman dusar ƙanƙara. Haɗa ƙarfi yana aiki mafi kyau lokacin da iska ta kawo ƙarin zafi. Kodayake wannan zafin da iska ta kawo bai isa ya narke dusar ƙanƙarar ba, yana da ƙarfin ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar canji. Wadannan faranti na iska da aka kirkira ana iya karyewa idan ƙananan yadudduka ba su da ƙarfi. Wannan shine lokacin da dusar kankara ta kasance.
firnspiegel
An ba wannan sunan ga wannan siririn siririn kankara mai haske da aka samo a saman dusar kankara da yawa. Wannan kankara na samarda tunani lokacinda rana ta haskaka. Wannan tsarin yana samuwa ne idan rana ta narkar da dusar kankara sannan ta sake karfafawa. Wannan siririn siririn kankara yayi halitta karamin greenhouse a cikin hakan yana sa ƙananan layuka su narke.
Verglas
Aananan siririn kankara ne mai haske wanda aka samar dashi lokacin da ruwa ya daskare a saman dutsen. Ice da yake samarwa yana mai zamewa sosai kuma yana sa hawa yana da haɗari sosai.
Fusion gibba
Cavities ne waɗanda suke samuwa saboda narkewar dusar ƙanƙara a wasu yankuna kuma suna iya kaiwa zurfin canjin da ke saurin canzawa. A gefen kowane rami, kwayoyin ruwa suna ƙaura kuma a tsakiyar ramin, ruwan ya makale. Wannan yana samar da wani ruwa mai laushi wanda, daga baya, yakan haifar da dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa.
Penitentes
Wadannan hanyoyin suna faruwa ne lokacinda fuskokin fuskokin suka zama manya-manya. Masu tuba shine ginshiƙan da aka kirkira daga mahaɗar ramuka da yawa. An kafa ginshiƙai waɗanda suke ɗaukar bayyanar mai tuba. Suna faruwa a cikin manyan yankuna masu tsayi da ƙananan latitude. Masu tuba sun sami babban ci gaba a cikin Andes da Himalayas, inda za su iya auna sama da mita ɗaya, wanda ke sa tafiya da wahala. Ginshikan suna karkata zuwa ga rana ta tsakiyar rana.
Tashoshin magudanan ruwa
An kafa shi lokacin da lokacin narke ya fara. An kirkiro hanyoyin sadarwar magudanan ruwa sakamakon lalacewar ruwa. Gaskiyar kwararar ruwa ba ta faruwa a saman ƙasa, amma a cikin bargon dusar ƙanƙara. Ruwan yana zamewa a cikin takardar kankara kuma ya ƙare a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na magudanan ruwa.
Tashoshin magudanan ruwa na iya haifar da dusar kankara da kuma sa tseren kan keke ya zama da wahala.
Dunes
Dunes an kafa su ne ta hanyar iska a saman dusar kankara. Dusar ƙanƙara mai bushewa tana ɗaukar siffofin jan ruwa tare da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da rashin tsari.
Kusoshi
Tarin dusar ƙanƙara ne a kan tsaunukan da ke haifar da haɗari na musamman, tunda sun rataya suna ƙirƙirar wani tsayayyen taro wanda zai iya ɓata ta hanyar wucewar mutane ko ta hanyar dabi'a (iska mai ƙarfi, misali). Yana da ikon ƙirƙirar dusar ƙanƙara, kodayake haɗarinsa yana nan kawai ta faɗuwa da kansa.
Tare da wannan bayanin, tabbas za ku iya sanin dusar ƙanƙan sosai sosai kuma ku san irin dusar ƙanƙarar da ke wurin a wannan lokacin a gaba in kun je wurin dusar ƙanƙara.