Biography na Marie Curie

Marie Curie wata ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar kimiyyar lissafi ce kuma ƙwararriyar kimiyyar sinadarai wacce ta gano aikin rediyo kuma ta fara nazarin abubuwan da ke da tasirin rediyo. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar Nobel kuma mace daya tilo da ta samu biyu daga cikin wadannan kyaututtuka a fannoni daban-daban. Ya yi fice sosai a duniyar kimiyya. Saboda haka, da biography na Marie Curie yana da ban sha'awa sosai don gane.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku dukan tarihin rayuwar Marie Curie, mafi mahimmancin fa'idodinta da bincikenta.

Biography na Marie Curie

Ita ce ta ƙarshe cikin yara biyar na malami Bronislawa Boguska da Wladyslaw Sklodowski, waɗanda suka koyar da lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi. Ta fara halartar makarantar kwana ta J. Sikorska tana ɗan shekara 10. Sannan ta halarci makarantar 'yan mata kuma ta kammala karatun ta da lambar zinare a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1883.

Wataƙila saboda baƙin ciki, ta faɗi ta yi shekara ɗaya a karkara tare da dangin mahaifinta, a shekara ta biyu kuma a Warsaw tare da mahaifinta, inda ta ba da darussa na sirri don ba za ta iya shiga manyan makarantu ba saboda mace ce. Tare da 'yar uwarta Broniswara, ta shiga cikin sirrin Uniwersytet Latajacy, makarantar sakandare na dalibai mata. A 1891 ta tafi Paris kuma ta canza sunanta zuwa Marie. A 1891 ya shiga cikin kwas na kimiyya a Sorbonne a Paris. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya kammala karatunsa na Physics a saman ajinsa. Yana karatu kuma yana aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai son, yana raba lokacin karatunsa.

An yi aure da Pierre Curie

A 1894 ya sadu da Pierre Curie. A lokacin, su biyun suna aiki ne a fannin maganadisu. Pierre Curie, 35, babban bege ne a cikin al'ummar kimiyyar lissafi ta Faransa. Nan da nan ya kamu da soyayya da kyakkyawar mace ’yar Poland mai shekara 27 wadda ta yi tarayya da imaninsa game da kimiyya. Bayan Pierre ya nemi ta kuma ya lallashe ta ta zauna a Paris. sun yi bikin aurensu a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1895 a hanya mai sauƙi mai ban mamaki: ba party, babu zoben aure, babu farar riga.. Amarya, sanye take cikin wani sauki blue suit, ta fara gudun amarcinta da keke tare da ango akan hanyar Faransa.

Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata guda biyu, daya daga cikinsu kuma ta lashe kyautar Nobel: Irène Joliot-Curie da mijinta Frédéric sun sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a ilmin sunadarai a 1935 don samun sababbin abubuwa na rediyo.

Menene Marie Curie ta gano?

Marie Curie ta yi sha'awar sabon nau'in radiation da aka gano. Wilhelm Roentgen ya gano X-rays a 1895 kuma Antoine-Henri Becquerel a 1896 ya gano cewa Uranium yana fitar da irin wannan hasken da ba a iya gani. Duk da haka, ya fara nazarin radiation na uranium kuma, ta yin amfani da fasahar piezoelectric da Pierre ya ƙirƙira, a hankali ya auna radiation a cikin pitchblende, wani ma'adinai mai dauke da uranium. Lokacin da ya ga cewa radiation daga ma'adinan ya fi na uranium da kansa, ya gane cewa dole ne a sami wani abu da ba a sani ba, wanda ya fi na uranium. Marie Curie Ita ce ta farko da ta yi amfani da kalmar "radioactive" don bayyana wani sinadari da ke fitar da radiation lokacin da tsakiya ya ruɓe.

Daraktan Pierre Curie ya yarda cewa Marie ta kafa a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje rukunin Makarantar Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Municipal wanda ke aiki a matsayin sito da dakin injin. Marie Curie ta fara bincikenta a can, ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki da Pierre da ɗan'uwansa suka ƙirƙira don auna ƙarfin halin yanzu da nau'ikan uranium da thorium daban-daban suka haifar, nan da nan ta tabbatar da cewa aikin gishirin uranium ya dogara ne kawai akan adadin uranium. ko da kuwa wani yanayi.

Ta fuskar kimiyya, wannan shi ne mafi mahimmanci bincikensa, tun da ya nuna cewa radiation na iya fitowa daga kwayar zarra da kanta, ba tare da la'akari da wani abu da aka kara ko wani abu ba. Amma Marie Curie bai nishadantar da kansa ba wajen yin tunani a kan wannan sakamakon; ya fadada bincikensa zuwa pitchblende da chalcolite, inda ya gano cewa sun fi uranium aiki. Daga nan ya zare wanzuwar waɗannan ma'adanai na wani sabon abu, wanda ke da alhakin wannan babban aiki.

Mijinta ya kammala karatunsa na maganadisu, tare da shiga na matarsa, kuma a cikin 1898 ma'auratan sun sanar da gano sabbin abubuwa guda biyu: polonium (Maryamu mai suna bayan ƙasar haihuwarta) da kuma radium. A cikin shekaru huɗu masu zuwa, ma'auratan sun yi aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, suna sarrafa tan na amphibole mai yawa, wanda daga ciki suka ware gram na radium.

Mace ta farko ta lashe kyautar Nobel

A cikin 1903, sun raba lambar yabo ta Nobel a Physics tare da Becquerel don gano abubuwan da suka yi na rediyo. Amma a gare su, wannan daukakar ta kasance "mummunan bala'i", duka biyun suna da sirri sosai, sha'awar bincike iri ɗaya ta hadiye su, lokacin da suka sami kansu daga bincike kuma suka ga dakunan gwaje-gwajen da aka shafe su da anachronisms. Kowa ya sha wahala lokacin da mutane suka kai hari kuma 'yan jarida da masu daukar hoto suka mamaye babban rumfarsa a Paris. Ƙarin ofisoshi na gidan waya suna fuskantar ayyukan da suka ɗauke su a ranar Lahadi. Marie Curie ta zama mace ta farko da ta samu kyautar.

A 1904, Pierre Curie an nada shi farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Paris, kuma a cikin 1905 ya zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Faransa. Wadannan mukamai ba yawanci mata ne ke cika su ba, kuma Maryamu ba ta da irin wannan tallafi. A ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1906, wani karusa ya kashe Pierre yayin da yake ketare titin Dauphin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Maryamu ke kula da kwasa-kwasanta kuma ta ci gaba da nata binciken.

Nobel Prize a Kimiyyar Kimiyya

A cikin 1911, Marie ta shiga cikin wani abin kunya lokacin da ta shiga dangantaka da masanin kimiyyar aure Paul Langevin. Wasu kafafen yada labarai suna nuni ga “barayin miji” da “baƙi”. A wannan shekarar, ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel ta biyu a fannin ilmin sinadarai saboda bincikensa kan radium da mahadi. A cikin 1914, an nada ta shugabar Cibiyar Watsa Labarai ta Paris kuma an kafa Cibiyar Curie.

A cikin watan Mayun 1921, godiya ga 'yar jaridar Amurka Mary Meloney, ita da 'ya'yanta mata sun koma Amurka, inda, godiya ga kudaden da al'ummar Poland da wasu masu kudi na Amurka suka tara, sun sami damar tallafawa Cibiyar Radium. An samu gram daya na radium. Hakanan, an ba shi karin kudi don siyan kayan dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Marie Curie ta sha fama da cutar anemia mai cutarwa daga dogon lokaci zuwa ga radiation. Bayan ta zama makaho, ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1934, a asibitin Sancellemoz kusa da Passy, ​​​​Haute-Savoie, Faransa. An binne ta a makabartar Sceaux, mai tazarar kilomita kadan daga kudancin birnin Paris, kusa da mijinta.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da tarihin rayuwar Marie Curie da ayyukanta.