Biography Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Volta dan kasar Italiya ne ya kirkiro batirin da ake kira volta, wani muhimmin ci gaba a fannin kimiyya, tun da a karon farko a tarihi ya mayar da makamashin sinadari zuwa wutar lantarki ta hanyar takaitaccen tsarin sinadari, ta haka ne ya samar da tsayayyen wutar lantarki. The biography na Alessandro Volta ya tattara takaitacciyar duk fa'idodinsa da gudummawarsa ga duniyar kimiyya gami da alaƙar sa da juyin halitta a tsawon rayuwarsa.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu mayar da hankali ga gaya muku daki-daki game da tarihin Alessandro Volta da mafi kyawun gudunmawarsa ga kimiyya.

Biography Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Volta wani masanin kimiyar Italiya ne wanda aka fi sani da haɓaka mai tarawa (wanda kuma aka sani da tantanin halitta ko baturi) a cikin 1800s. An haife shi a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1745 a cikin dangi mai arziki na Como, a arewacin Italiya. Kamar biyar daga cikin ƴan uwansa tara, mahaifinsa a lokacin, da kuma wasu ƙanensa, zai shirya don aikin coci, don haka iyayensa (Filippo Volta da Maria Maddalena (daga Conti Inzaghi)) suka tura shi kwalejin Jesuit. a shekara ta 1758.

Duk da haka, Alessandro Volta ya fi sha'awar kimiyya fiye da limamai, musamman wutar lantarki, wanda da kyar aka yi nazari. Bayan ya kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1760, ya ci gaba da nazari da karanta ayyukan mashahuran masana kimiyya irin su Giambatista Beccaria, Pieter van Musschenbroek ko Jean-Antoine Nollet, kuma ya yi hulɗa da su. Musamman tare da Beccaria, farfesa a Jami'ar Turin kuma daya daga cikin fitattun masana kimiyyar lissafi a Italiya. Beccaria zai ƙarfafa Volta don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da buga sakamakon su. A 1769 zai buga aikinsa na farko.

A shekara ta 1774 aka nada shi darektan makarantar jama'a na garinsu, kuma a shekara ta 1775 shahararsa ta yi girma ta hanyar ƙirƙirar na'urar na'urar lantarki ta dindindin - wacce ba da daɗewa ba za a yi amfani da ita a ko'ina cikin Turai, yana haɓakawa da kuma haifar da cajin wutar lantarki-, har ta kai ga. an nada shi farfesa a fannin kimiyyar gwaji a Kwalejin Cuomo.

Volta bindiga, kakan masu wuta

A shekara ta 1776 ya yi bincike da dama sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da ya yi da sinadarin methane mai iya ƙonewa a cikin fadama. Ya ƙera bindigar “Volta”, inda wutar lantarki a cikin kwalbar gilashi ke haifar da wuta, wanda wataƙila ita ce mafarin fitacciyar fitar mu. Wannan binciken kuma ya sa ya maye gurbin man fitila da iskar methane, wanda ya haifar da abin da ake kira fitilar Volta.

Da waɗannan sakamakon, ya inganta bindigarsa, ya ƙirƙiri na'ura don tantance abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas, kuma ya ƙirƙira wani kayan aiki da aka sani da eudiometer. Tsakanin 1778 da 1819 ya kasance farfesa a fannin kimiyyar gwaji a Jami'ar Pavia. A can, a cikin 1783, ya ƙirƙira na'urar lantarki don auna ƙananan adadin wutar lantarki kuma ya ƙididdige ma'auni ta hanyar ƙirƙira ma'auni na kansa, "voltage."

Mafi kyawun Ayyuka a cikin Alessandro Volta Biography

A shekara ta 1792, ya koyi gwaje-gwajen kwadi da masanin ilimin halittar jiki Luigi Galvani ya yi, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya gano kayan lantarki na motsa jiki da jijiyoyi. ya shafe fiye da shekaru 10 yana nazarin tsarin. A cewar Galvani, karafa daban-daban guda biyu suna haduwa da tsokar kwadi ko wata dabba don samar da igiyoyin wutar lantarki saboda ana samar da wadannan martanin ta hanyar igiyoyin lantarki da ke yawo a sassan jikin dabbar. Galvani ya yi iƙirarin cewa kwaɗo “Leiden flask ne,” na’urar daɗaɗɗen wuta ko na’urar adana makamashi.

Volta ya fara gudanar da nasa gwaje-gwaje bisa sakamakon abokan aikinsa. Sai dai ya kara da cewa wutar lantarkin ba ta hanyar cudanya da dabbobi ake samu ba, sai dai ta hanyar cudanya tsakanin karafa ne kawai. Kwadi kawai suna amsa cajin lantarki ta hanyar "ji" su. Da'awarsa ta jagoranci masana kimiyya a fadin Turai don tallafawa Galvani ko Volta. Volta ya rubuta kamar haka:

Duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba su tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki ta dabba ta wanzu ba tunda gabobin sun kasance marasa ƙarfi, yayin da ƙarfe ke aiki koyaushe.

Gwaje-gwajen da Volta ya yi da ke nuni da samar da wutar lantarki tsakanin karafa ya sa shi ya kirkiro (tsakanin 1799 da 1800) mafi shahararsa da nasara da ya kirkiro: "Silindrical Volta cell", baturi na farko da ke aiki a tarihi. Ya ƙunshi faranti na ƙarfe da aka jera a farko. An raba tagulla da zinc da juna ta hanyar yadin da aka jiƙa a cikin acid (da farko ruwa ko brine).

An bayyana wannan ƙirƙira a cikin wata shahararriyar wasiƙa zuwa ga Royal Society ta Sir Joseph Banks. A cikin 1791 ya zama ɗan'uwan Royal Society of London kuma a cikin 1794 ya sami Medal Copley.

Amincewa

A 1801, Napoleon Bonaparte ya isa Paris bayan Napoleon ya gayyace shi zuwa Cibiyar Faransa don nuna ci gaban kimiyyar wutar lantarki. A can, ya ba da mamaki ga duk wanda ya halarta, kuma kwamitin masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Faransa ya rubuta rahoton kimantawa da ya yaba da juyin juya hali na "Volta baturi."

A 1802 ya sami lambar yabo ta Zinariya daga Kwalejin Faransanci. A cikin 1805 an zabe shi dan kasashen waje na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Göttingen, kuma a cikin 1808 ya zama memba na Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

Napoleon ya ji daɗin ci gaban da Italiyawa suka samu, jim kaɗan bayan ƙirƙirar Jamhuriyar Sardinia ta Yamma a Italiya, ya sanya shi ƙidaya kuma Sanata na masarautar Lombard kuma ya ba shi fansho. Shekaru bayan haka, bayan shan kashin da aka yi a Faransa a shekara ta 1815, Sarkin Ostiriya ya nada shi darektan sashen ilimin falsafa a jami'ar Padua. An buga aikinsa a cikin littattafai biyar a cikin Florence a cikin 1816.

A cikin 1861, Volta, Volta ya karbi babbar daraja a matsayin masanin ilimin lissafi: A cewar kungiyar Biritaniya don ci gaban da wutar lantarki, rukunin mayaudari ga wutar lantarki a asirce. A shekara ta 1964, an rada masa suna Volta na lunar, kuma a shekarar 1999 an sanya masa suna asteroid "8208". Ko a cikin karni na XNUMX, sunansa yana rayuwa. Alal misali a cikin mota lantarki Toyota "Alessandro Volta".

Ayyukansa ya tsira daga canza dangantakar wutar lantarki: ya goyi bayan Habsburgs na Austriya, abokan gaba na Napoleon, da kuma Corsican da kansu. Ya yi ritaya zuwa gidansa a Camnago, kusa da Como, inda ya yi shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa. Ya rasu a ranar 5 ga Maris, 1827. An yi wa kabarinsa ado da mutum-mutumi da kayan jin daɗi a cikin salon haikalin neoclassical, wanda masanin injiniya Melchiorre Nosetti ya ƙirƙira kuma ya kammala a 1831.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da tarihin Alessandro Volta da ayyukansa.