El binciken balan-balan ko balanto ta saman fuska balan-balan tana iya motsi tare da madaidaiciya kama bayanai game da muhalli. Tsarin sararin samaniya yana a tsayi tsakanin kilomita 11 zuwa 50 kuma anan ne wurin da ozone layer yake. Bambance-bambancen binciken balan-balan shi ne cewa yana aiki ne a matsayin kayan binciken kimiyyar saboda godiyar yin tsayayyun jirage na dogon lokaci a babban yanki. Sauran motocin kamar jirgin sama ko roket na bincike ba za su iya tsayawa sosai har tsawon lokaci don samun isasshen bayani.
A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi bayanin duk abubuwanda ake amfani dasu, mai amfani da yadda ake amfani da binciken balan-balan.
Babban fasali
Aikin wannan balan-balan ɗin binciken yana dogara ne da ka'idar Archimedes. Yana amfani da damar da aka tura ta sama wanda iskar gas ta fi iska sauƙi. Kamar yadda ya saba ana amfani da hydrogen ko helium a cikin wadataccen wuri don ku iya faɗaɗa hita a cikin yanayi. Tana da tsari mai dauke da manyan abubuwa guda biyu: balan-balan din kanta da jirgin da ake kira jirgin sama inda ake samun kayan aikin da suka dace don samun bayanai daga binciken.
Bari mu ga irin kayan aikin da kuke da su don samun bayanai:
- Yana da wata hanyar da za ta raba nauyin biya.
- Yana da a laima don samun damar murmurewa da kayan kaɗan kaɗan kaɗan ba tare da lalata shi ba.
- Yana da tsarin sadarwa don samun damar karba da aika umarni kai tsaye duka don duniya da kayan aikin jirgin.
- Tsarin sa na zamani yana iya aunawa tare da madaidaicin tsayi, zafin jiki, matsi da matsayin dukkan tsarin a kowane tsayi.
- Yana da mai nuna haske kamar radar.
- Yana da hanyoyi daban-daban don zaɓar ballast.
- Babban tushen tushen sa shine batura kuma, don dogon tafiye-tafiye, bangarorin hasken rana.
Dogaro da yanayin abubuwan da aka lura dasu, yawanci ana sanya nauyin biyan kuɗi a cikin tsarin kwantena da ake kira gondola. Ana iya amfani da gondola da farko don kare kayan awo. Wannan bikin aure yana da alhakin laushin tasiri akan saukowa ko kuma yana da amfani azaman hadewar ingantattun hanyoyin nuna abubuwa ko kwantena masu matsi.
Nau'in binciken balan-balan
Akwai nau'ikan catheters na balan-balan masu yawa dangane da maƙasudin maƙasudin. Baya ga ire-iren da suke wanzu ta fuskar sifa, girma, kayan aiki ko hanyar gini, za mu takaita kan rarraba nau'ikan balanbalan bincike gwargwadon aikinsu. Akwai bulo da bulolin binciken bincike.
Ana kuma san balloons na bincike da sunan matsin lamba. Sashinsu na ƙasa a buɗe yake ta yadda idan gas ya ɗaga yana faɗaɗawa har sai ya kai ga daidaita tsakanin matsin lamba na waje da na ciki. Duk wani ƙaruwa cikin matsi na ciki saboda dumama da rana tayi, ana biya ta atomatik ta hanyar iskar gas daga ɓangarenta na ƙasa ko ta bututun iska da ke haɗe da shi.
Bulolan binciken da aka rufe sune wadanda aka san su da sunan matsi. Waɗannan sassan an rufe su gaba ɗaya kuma basu da ruwa wanda baya barin iska ta shiga ko gas ya tsere. Lokacin da aka sami ƙaruwa a cikin matsi na ciki yayin hawan shi ana tallafawa ta ta ƙarfafa ambulaf na balan-balan. Wannan ambulaf din yana da damar fadadawa ta yadda zai kai makura kuma ya shiga yanayin daidaitawa yana hana kansa tashi.
Kaya da gini
An gina balo ɗin binciken daga abubuwa daban-daban tare da yanayin filastik. Ofaya daga cikinsu shine polyethylene da sauran kayan haɗin multilayer tare da wasu mahaɗan da aka samo daga gare su. Yawanci ana amfani dashi tare da fina-finai waɗanda ƙananan kaɗan ne kawai. Wannan yana sanya su filastik masu haske da tsayayyen robobi waɗanda zasu iya tsayayya da yanayi daban-daban, kodayake suna da kyau a sarrafawa.
Don kerar irin wannan balan-balan din, ana yanke bangarori daban-daban na abubuwan da aka ambata a baya kuma wasu nau'ikan zafin suna hada su tare da wani manne wanda aka kera shi musamman don tafiya da nauyi mai yawa zuwa balan-balan. A haɗe ɓangaren na sama kuma an ƙara farantin kayan roba wanda zai yi aiki don hawa balan-balan ɗin kafin ƙaddamar da bawul din. Wannan yana ba da damar gas ɗin ya tsere. A kasa, an sanya zoben aluminum wanda zai rufe shi, kodayake ba gaba daya ba, kuma sauran jirgin jirgin sun kamu.
Don samun damar gina irin wannan balan-balan ɗin binciken, ana buƙatar manyan abubuwan more rayuwa waɗanda ke da manyan wuraren aiki don yankan da liƙa abin da ke ƙarƙashin. A halin yanzu akwai 'yan kamfanoni kaɗan waɗanda ke da ikon gina su. Yana ɗaukar kusan ƙarar kusa da mita miliyan cubic kuma, da zarar an gama, samun cikakken polyethylene na hekta da dama.
Kaddamar da balan-balan din binciken
Babban makasudin matakin ƙaddamar shine don samun nasarar ɗaga kai tsaye ba tare da lalata balan-balan ba. Akwai dabarun ƙaddamarwa daban-daban. Kowannensu ya bambanta da gaske dangane da abubuwan more rayuwa inda yake. Dole ne muyi la'akari da yanayin yanayi, nau'ikan nauyin biyan da za'ayi jigilarsu da kuma karar balan-balan din da za'a kaddamar.
Waɗannan nau'ikan ƙaddamarwa sun ragu zuwa nau'i biyu: ƙaddamarwa tsaye wanda a ciki za'a daidaita matsayin kumburin balan-balan ɗin ta yadda zai zauna bisa ɗaga kayanta bisa ƙa'ida. Ynamaddamarwa mai ƙarfi shine a cikin wanda ake amfani da abin ƙaddamarwa tare da kaya a ƙarƙashin balan-balan yayin ɗagawa don samun damar shiga.
Yayin hawan balan-balan yana fara caji a saurin da ya danganci nauyin saiti da ƙarin adadin gas da allurar kumfa a lokacin hauhawar farashi wanda ake kira kyauta. Theangare mafi haɗari na jirgin shine wanda ya isa gaɓa. Anan ne akwai canjin yanayin zafin jiki wanda zai iya haifar da wasu gazawa a cikin kerkeci.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da balan-balan ɗin binciken.