A fagen ilimin tsirrai na yanayi, da benaye masu zafi don raba bangarori daban-daban wadanda aka bayyana ta tsawo a cikin dutse inda akwai bambancin yanayin zafin jiki da sauran abubuwan yanayi. Ayyadadden yanayin yanayi shine tsawo sama da matakin teku kuma babban canjin yanayi wanda tasirin wannan ɗabi'ar ya shafa shine zafin jiki.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye da mahimmancin benaye masu zafi.
Babban fasali
An bayyana benaye yumbu a matsayin bambancin canjin yanayi da ke faruwa a yankunan tsaunuka. Saukakawa yana kuma shafar ruwan sama, tunda iska mai ɗumi tana haɗuwa da duwatsu kuma yakan tashi. Galibi ana yawan jin daɗin benaye masu zafi a yankin da ke tsakiyar yanayi, yayin da suke cikin yankuna masu sanyin yanayi an bayyana su da kyau. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yawan zafin jiki a cikin yankuna masu sanyi da sanyi suna da tasirin sauƙin shekara-shekara a cikin hasken rana.
Idan muka bincika mahallin, zamu ga cewa akwai bambancin daban-daban a tsawo kuma sune abubuwan da ke bayyana mahimman canje-canje a yanayin zafi. Wannan shine yadda aka kafa akalla ɗakuna masu zafi 5, mafi ƙanƙanci shine ƙasa mai dumi sannan mai yanayi, sanyi, moor da benaye mai kankara. Ga kowane ɗayan benaye, ana ƙayyade amplitude a cikin bambancin tsayin zafin jiki, da sauran halaye masu alaƙa.
Bambancin benaye masu zafi ya samo asali ne daga kewayon zafin da yake a sarari a sararin samaniya. A cikin yanki mai yanayin zafi, yanayin zafi yana raguwa da tsawo, amma ba irin wannan tasirin alama bane. Wannan saboda a yankuna masu yanayin akwai wasu abubuwan da suka fi ƙayyadewa, kamar su latitude. Latitude yana ɗaya daga cikin masu canjin yanayin da tasirin hasken rana da yake karɓa ya dogara da yanayin gangaren. A wani ɓangare na yankuna masu zafi kusan rahoto ne game da hasken rana wanda ya iso da kuma yanayin iska da ruwan sama.
Floorsananan ɗakunan zafi, zafin jiki da tsawo
Yanayin zafin jiki da latitti sune manyan masu canjin yanayi waɗanda ke bayyana banban ɗumbin yanayin zafi. Iskar tana zafi saboda sake zaɓen da ya kai ƙasa kuma iska mai zafi tana rage ƙarfi, sabili da haka, da yake yana da sauƙi, yana da niyyar tashi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yawanci yakan ragu tsakanin digo 0.65 da 1 ga kowane mita 100 da tsawan ke ƙaruwa.
Dutsen da tsaunin kowane dutse suma suna shafar tsarin iska da ruwan sama. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa idan dutse ya shiga cikin hanyar iska mai danshi, sai su hau kuma su ƙare da hazo a cikin mafi girman ɓangaren dutsen. Idan tsayin dutsen yana da tsayi, iska tana yin sanyi kuma danshi yana takurawa a tsaunin don haifar da ruwa. A cikin tsaunuka masu tsayi, ciyarwar yawanci ana samun damar fitar da danshi a yankin mai iska kuma a gangaren tsaunin galibi galibi yana bushewa.
Latitude shine matsayin yanki game da Equator kuma yana shafar benaye masu zafi a cikin abin da ya shafi hasken rana a cikin shekara. Daga latitude mun gano cewa hanyar da hasken rana ke shafar tsirin tsaka-tsakin yanayi iri ɗaya ne. Babu matsala a wane matsayi yake a kusa da rana, tunda yankin yankuna masu karɓar raɗaɗinsa koyaushe. A gefe guda, muna da cewa, a ɗakunan tsafin ƙasa, wannan ba ya faruwa. Saboda karkatarwar duniya ne yasa hasken rana ke bugawa Ta wata hanyar karkata kuma tsawan ba zai canza yanayin zafi ba, tunda akwai ƙarancin hasken rana.
Nau'in benaye masu zafi
Akwai kusan nau'ikan 5-6 na benaye masu zafi a cikin yankin tsakiyar yanayi. Babban bambancin waɗannan benaye a ciki shine yanayin zafin jiki. Bari mu ga menene nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke wanzu:
Dumi zafi bene
Yana da wanda ke gabatar da yanayin zafi mai yawa a cikin kewayon 28 digiri a kan matsakaita a ƙananan iyaka da digiri 24 a tsawo na mita 900-1000 sama da matakin teku. A cikin wannan shimfidar yanayin zafi an gabatar da yanayin halittu na gandun dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, dazuzzuka masu daɗi, savannas da wasu yankuna masu bushewa da raƙuman ruwa a duniya. A cikin ƙananan yankunan da ke cikin Ecuador, ana karɓar ruwan sama mai yawa saboda taron iska mai ɗumi daga duka ɓangarorin biyu.
Premontane thermal bene
An kuma san shi da sunan bene mai dumi-dumi ya haɗa da yankunan da ke tsakanin mita 900-1700 sama da matakin teku. Ya kai matsakaita yanayin zafi na digiri 18-24. Anan akwai gandun daji masu gajeren dutse da ruwan sama mai gudana. Wannan ruwan sama ya kasance ne ga waɗanda ke hawa cikin iska waɗanda ke tattara girgije da samar da ruwan sama.
Zafin yanayin zafi mai zafi
An kuma san shi da sunan mesothermal. Yankunan tsakanin mita 1000-2000 sama da matakin teku. Matsakaicin zafinsa ya kusan digiri 15-18, kai digiri 24 a wasu yankuna. A cikin wadannan tsaunukan an kafa gandun daji mai girgije kuma a cikin tsaunukan can karkashin yanayin dazukan coniferous. Anan akwai kuma abin mamakin ruwan sama a ruwan sama a kwance.
Cold bene mai zafi
Hakanan an san shi da sunan microthermal. Bene ne inda ƙarancin yanayin zafi ya mamaye, a kan matsakaita game da 15-17 zuwa 8 digiri. Galibi suna kan tsauni tsakanin mita 2000-3400 sama da matakin teku. A nan an kai iyakar bishiyoyi, don haka yana da tsayi mafi tsayi don wannan nau'in nau'in rayuwa ya haɓaka. Jinsi kawai da ya dace da waɗannan yanayin zai iya haɓaka.
Orakin Moor
Wannan tsiri ne na zafin da ke tsakanin Mita 3400-3800 sama da matakin teku kuma yanayin zafi ya sauka daga digiri 12-8 zuwa 0. Yanayin dare ya isa wurin daskarewa har ma ya zama ana hazo a cikin yanayin dusar ƙanƙara. A wasu lokuta akwai isasshen ruwan sama, amma a mafi yawan samuwar ruwa iyakance ne.
Yawanci yakan faru ne galibi a cikin mafi girma da kuma busassun wurare tun lokacin da iskar isowar ta sauke dukkan ƙanshi a kan hanya.
Kasan kankara
Yawanci yana tsakanin mita 4.000-4.800 sama da matakin teku kuma yayi dace da yankin dusar ƙanƙara mai ɗorewa. Anan hazo suna cikin yanayin dusar ƙanƙara kuma ƙananan yanayin zafi suna hana narkewar su, suna lalata yankin hasken rana da yawa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da ɗakunan zafi da halayensu.