Gabaɗaya, mun sani cewa yawan zafin jiki yana raguwa da tsayi. Wannan bambancin da aka sani da sunan tsaye gradient, kuma saboda yanayin zafi wanda yake haskaka yanayi ya fito daga ƙasa. Don haka, gwargwadon motsawa daga asalin, iska za ta yi sanyi.
Ana iya canza wannan ɗan tudu ta hanyar matakai da yawa: faduwa kwatsam ko haɓaka cikin yanayin ƙasa ko iska mai ƙarfi. Don fahimtar shi da kyau, a cikin wannan na musamman zamu ga menene tsarin yanayi da kuma me yasa zafin jiki yake canzawa yayin da muke tafiya sama.
Tsarin yanayi
Yanayin ya kunshi yadudduka 5: the sararin samaniya, da madaidaiciya, da sararin samaniya, da yanayin yanayi da kuma sararin samaniya.
- Yankin yanki: shine inda muke, kuma yana da tsayi kusan 12km. Anan ne girgije yake, tsire-tsire da dabbobi suke rayuwa, zamu sami teku da hamada, da dai sauransu.
- Stratosphere: yana tsakanin 12 da 50km na tsawo, a can za mu ga jiragen sama masu ban mamaki.
- Mesosphere: yana tsakanin 50 da 80km na tsawo. Anan ne radiyo yake 'tashiwa', kuma a nan ne hasken rana yake isa.
- Yanayi: daga ciki 80 da 690km na tsawo fitilun arewa za su bayyana, ban da kumbo a sararin samaniya.
- Exosphere: kuma a ƙarshe, Daga 690km tsawo za mu sami Sputnik I.
Tsayayyen ma'aunin zafin jiki na tsaye
Kamar yadda muka fada, yawan zafin jiki yakan ragu da tsawo. Yana da kimanin ƙimar kusan digiri shida a kowace kilomita. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan, alal misali, zafin jiki a matakin teku ya kai digiri 15, a tsawan kusan kilomita biyar, zai kai ƙimar -15 digiri (raguwar digiri 30).
Hasken rana baya zuwa kowane bangare na duniya ta hanya guda, kuma ba ya zuwa lokacin. Don haka, a cikin yankuna masu yanayin yanayin saurin zafin ya fi girma a cikin yankin na wurare masu zafi, 1ºC ga kowane 155m na tsawo, saboda karancin insolation da yake karba da kuma rashin kaurin yanayi. Hakanan a cikin waɗannan yankuna iri ɗaya bambancin daban-daban na faruwa ne sakamakon fuskantarwar agaji da nisan da yake daga mahaɗinta, haka kuma daga sandunan.
A cikin yanki na yanayin zafi yanayin zafi yana rage daraja ɗaya ga kowane 180m na tsawo kusan, tunda yanayin yayi kauri kuma yana kusa da ekweita. A wannan, aka ƙarawa zuwa ga juyawar duniyar tamu, ana samun yanayi mai ɗumi.
Amma a wasu yankuna na yanayi akasin haka ke faruwa, ma'ana, cewa yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa tare da tsayi. A wannan yanayin an ce ɗan tanda a tsaye yana kasancewa korau. Misali: idan zafin jiki ya karu da digiri 21 don gangaren kilomita 1, an ce dan tanda a tsaye ya yi daidai da -2ºC a kowace kilomita. Koda a cikin wasu yadudduka na yankin yana iya faruwa, yana samar da abin da ake kira juyawar zafin jiki.
Har ila yau rikicewar yanayin zafin jiki yana faruwa a ɓangaren sama na stratosphere. Akasin haka, a cikin yanayin yanayin zafin jiki yana raguwa a matsakaici lokacin da ya tashi, ma'ana, ɗan tanda a tsaye yana da kyau.
A cikin yanayin yanayi, zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa tare da tsayi kuma, sabili da haka, ɗan tudu na zafin jiki na tsaye ya sake zama mummunan a wannan yankin na yanayin.
Menene juyawar yanayin zafi?
Wannan wani lamari ne da yake faruwa yayin da kasa ke saurin sanyaya ta hanyar iska, wanda hakan kuma yake sanyaya iskar da ke mu'amala da ita. Kuma a bi da bi, sanyi, iska mai nauyi a cikin saman sama yana yin sanyi. Ta wannan hanyar, saurin da yadudduka biyu na iska ke raguwa sosai.
Yawanci yakan faru musamman a lokacin hunturu, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba mai dorewa da sanyi. Kodayake jujjuyawar zafin yakan saɓa bayan fewan awanni, a cikin yanayi mara kyau zai iya kasancewa na tsawon kwanaki har sai iskar da ke hulɗa da ƙasa ta yi ɗumi ta kuma dawo da zirga-zirga a cikin yanayin sararin samaniya.
Misali mai kyau na saka hannun jari ana iya gani a ciki Lima, saboda halin Humboldt. Wannan ruwan da ke cikin teku yana sanyaya gabar teku, kuma matakan da suke sama, wadanda suke da dumi, suna sanya sararin samaniya da matukar hadari kuma cewa yankin yana da yanayi mai sanyaya da sanyi fiye da yadda yakamata ya yi la'akari da latitude.
Har yanzu, idan babu canje-canje a cikin yawan iska, ma'ana, idan babu rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin sararin samaniya ko kuma babu gaban gaba mai aiki, zazzabi zai ƙaru dangane da tsayi, a wasu wurare fiye da wasu.
Shin kun san menene gradient thermal a tsaye da kuma abin da ya ƙunsa? Shin yana da amfani a gare ku?
na gode ya taimaka min matuka
Kyakkyawan bayani. Kodayake Ina so in sani game da shi.
Akwai wani abu da nake da shakku ko sun yi kuskure lokacin da suka ce "ƙasa ta yi sanyi da sauri ta hanyar radiation" za a iya sanyaya ƙasa ta hanyar haɗuwa, ta hanyar haɗuwa da yanayin iska mai sanyi. Ta hanyar radiation zai zama hasken rana kuma a wannan yanayin zaiyi zafi, zai zama kamar maganata? Na gode sosai!
Rana ba ita kadai ba ce take fitar da kyalli. Duk jikin kawai saboda suna cikin zafin jiki suna fitar da iska. Yanayin duniya yana karbar jujjuya haske da rana fiye da yadda take fitarwa da zafin jiki, sannan da daddare akasin haka yakan faru, tana fitar da jujjuyawar fiye da yadda take karba da kuma sanyaya. Air iska ce ta matalauta mai sarrafa zafi kuma gabaɗaya insulator ne na yanayin zafi. Lokacin da iska ta motsa shi zai iya daukar zafi mafi kyau (convection) amma wannan inji yana aiki ne kawai idan yanayin duniya yayi zafi sannan kuma iskar dake kusa da shi zata zafafa kuma, kasancewar ta fi iska sama, ta kan tashi.
Har yanzu ban fahimci dalilin da yasa zafin jiki yake ƙaruwa a cikin tudu ba sannan me yasa yake sake raguwa a cikin duniyar
Ban fahimci dalilin da ya sa «Vertical Thermal Gradient yake tabbatacce lokacin da T ke raguwa da tsayi ba». Za a iya taimaka mani in fahimta shi, don Allah?
Misali na 1:
(T2-T1)/(h2-h1)=(-10-5)/(100-10)=-15/90; GTV < 0
Misali na 2:
(T2-T1)/(h2-h1)=(-10-(-8))/(100-10)=-2/90; GTV < 0
Misali na 3:
(T2-T1)/(h2-h1)=(15-20)/(100-10)=-5/90; GTV < 0
Mafi kyau,