Mashigin Malacca

El Mashigin Malacca Hannun teku ce ta hada Tekun Andaman (Tekun Indiya) da Tekun Kudancin China (Pacific Ocean). Tana tsakanin gabar tekun arewa maso gabashin tsibirin Sumatra na Indonesiya da kudu maso yammacin gabar tekun Malay. Yana da mahimmancin tattalin arziki da yawon buɗe ido.

Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don ba ku labarin duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Mashigin Malacca, halayensa, hukunce-hukuncensa, yanayin yanayi da ƙari mai yawa.

Mashigin Malacca da yanayinsa

Fadin mashigar ya kai muraba'in kilomita 65.000. Yana da tsawon kilomita 80 da siffa mai siffar mazurari, mafi fadi a arewa maso yamma kuma mafi ƙunci a kudu maso gabas, ya kai mafi ƙarancin faɗin kilomita 2,8 a cikin abin da ake kira Philips Strait a Singapore.

Mashigin Malacca ya ɗauki sunansa daga Malacca (tsohuwar Malacca), muhimmiyar tashar kasuwanci ta ƙarni na 25 da 30 a bakin tekun Malay. Matsakaicin kudu na mashigin yana da zurfin mita XNUMX-XNUMX kawai, kodayake zurfin yana karuwa yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Tekun Andaman. Saboda babban kogin da ke kwararowa cikin ruwan mashigin, ma'aunin salinity ya yi kasa.

Akwai tsibirai da yawa a cikin mashigin, wasu daga cikinsu akwai ƙorafi da yashi, kuma bakin kudancin tekun yana da wuyar wucewa. Ruwan da ke cikin magudanar ruwa kodayaushe yana kwararowa daga kudu maso gabas zuwa arewa maso yamma.

Yanayin mashigar yana da zafi da damshi, da damina daga arewa maso gabas a lokacin sanyi da damina ta kudu maso yamma a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana tsakanin 1.900 zuwa 2.500 mm. Yanayin zafin jiki na ruwa ya bambanta tsakanin 2ºC zuwa 31ºC, ya danganta da yankin da yanayin shekara.

Muhimmancin Mashigin Malacca

A yau, dubban daruruwan kwantena kan jiragen ruwa sama da 90 ne ke bi ta mashigin Malacca, dauke da kusan kashi daya bisa hudu na hajojin kasuwancin duniya, da suka hada da man fetur, kwal, man dabino, da aka yi a kasashen China, Koriya ta Kudu, Japan, Taiwan, wadanda suka hada da suna da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin China da Vietnam, da kofi mai daraja daga Indonesia.

Mashigin shine babbar hanyar jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin Tekun Indiya da Tekun Pasifik, wanda ke haɗa manyan tattalin arzikin Asiya kamar Indiya, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, China, Japan, Taiwan, da Koriya ta Kudu.

Don fahimtar mahimmancin yanayin siyasar mashigar Malacca ga gwamnatin kasar Sin, dole ne mu sake nazarin yanayin yanayin siyasa da zuba jari a fannin tattalin arziki a yankin, kamar yadda Manyan kasashen yankin sun nuna sha'awa ta musamman wajen kare hakkin hanya.

Tattalin arziki

Ta hanyar aiwatar da ayyukan raya kasa na gwamnati, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta kara karfinta da ikonta a yankin. Wannan shakkun wasu kasashen bai karu ba, musamman Indiya, daya daga cikin manyan masu adawa da siyasa a kasar Sin, wadda ita ce ke kula da yawancin kayayyakin da ake fitarwa a mashigin yammacin teku.

Wannan ko shakka babu ya dada nuna damuwa ga gwamnatin kasar Sin, yayin da sojojin ruwan Indiya ke fuskantar kasadar hana jiragen dakon mai da ke jigilar mai zuwa kasar Sin, lamarin da ke barazanar dakile karfin makamashi da samar da babban kamfanin na Asiya. Haka nan mashigin Malacca yana da muhimmiyar rawar soja daga Amurka, sauran manyan abokan adawar siyasa da kasuwanci na kasar Sin.

Don haka, a fannin sabuwar hanyar siliki, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta ba da himma sosai wajen sa kaimi kan ayyukan "The Belt and Road", tare da kokarin rage dogaro da kananun hanyoyin.

Wasu daga cikin ayyukan da aka yi don gujewa yiwuwar barazana daga Indiya, sun hada da hanyar tattalin arziki tsakanin Pakistan da China, daya daga cikin mahimman gatari na filin filin sabuwar hanyar siliki. Layin, wanda ya hada da babbar hanyar Karakoram, da layukan dogo masu yawa, da busasshen tashoshi bakwai, da gina yankunan tattalin arziki na musamman guda tara, zai baiwa masana'antun kasar Sin damar shiga tekun Indiya, ba tare da ratsawa ta fannin tasirin Indiya ba. Hakazalika, ayyukan gine-ginen tashar jiragen ruwa da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta gudanar a kasar Sri Lanka, suna da maƙasudai iri ɗaya.

Wani aiki mai ban sha'awa daga mahangar yanayin kasa shi ne mashigar ruwa ta Kra Canal da ke kasar Thailand, wanda zai rage lokaci da tsadar safarar kayayyaki da kayayyaki na kasar Sin. Bugu da kari, aikin zai rage yawan kayan da ke wucewa ta mashigin Malacca, wanda yana wakiltar 70% na jimlar ƙarfin sa.

Kewayawa

A matsayin babbar hanyar jigilar kayayyaki ta dabi'a tsakanin Tekun Indiya da Tekun Kudancin China, Mashigin Malacca a tarihi ya kasance mafi guntuwar layin jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin Indiya da Sin, don haka yana daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki a duniya.

Saboda mahimmancin dabarunsa. Larabawa, da Fotigal, Dutch da kuma Biritaniya ne ke sarrafa mashigin tekun. Kasar Singapore na daya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duniya, dake a kudancin karshen mashigin. An kiyasta cewa sama da jiragen dakon kaya 50.000 ne ke bi ta mashigin a kowace shekara, kuma kashi biyar na man da ake hakowa a duniya ana safarar su ne ta ruwa.

Halayen Jiki na Mashigin Malacca

Halayen zahiri na mashigin Malacca, musamman rashin zurfin ruwansa, sune manyan cikas ga kewayawa. Saboda wannan dalili, jiragen ruwa tare da overdraft Ba za su iya wucewa ta yankin ba kuma ana karkatar da su zuwa mashigin Lombok na Indonesia. Kasancewar jiragen ruwa akai-akai a cikin mashigin da kuma wasu matsalolin tsaro a cikin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa masu alaka da satar fasaha ya sa aka gudanar da bincike kan wasu hanyoyin daban-daban, kamar su Kra Isthmus a Thailand (hoton da ke sama a hagu), wanda ke nufin hako tashar da ta hada tekun Andaman da kuma tekun Andaman. Gulf of Thailand.

Mashigin Malacca yana da tsawon kilomita kusan 900, mai siffar mazurari, fadinsa kilomita 65 kacal a kudu, kuma ya kai kimanin kilomita 250 zuwa arewa tsakanin Sumatra da Kra Isthmus. A wasu wuraren, fadin Mashigin Malacca bai wuce kilomita 3 ba.

Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Mashigin Malacca da halayensa.