Wasu mutane har yanzu ba su san cewa wannan dumamar yanayi da muke fama da shi a yau shi ne karo na farko da ya faru a Duniya. Koyaya, akwai dumamar yanayi da sauyin yanayi da yawa da suka faru a duniyarmu tsawon tarihi. Abin da ke da mahimmanci a ambaci shi ne cewa babu wani ɗumamar yanayi da ya faru a baya ya kasance cikin kankanin lokaci kamar na yanzu. Watau, mutum ne, tare da ayyukansa na gurɓatawa, yana hanzarta aikin ɗumamar duniya saboda hayaƙin iskar gas.
Kimanin shekaru miliyan 56 da suka gabata, Duniya ta ɗanɗana ɗumamar yanayi, wanda aka san ta da shi Matsakaicin rarancin Paleocene-Eocene (MTPE, ko PETM don karancin sunan ta a Turanci). Shin kuna son sanin abin da ya haifar da irin wannan ɗumamar ɗumamar yanayin?
Dumamar yanayi shekaru miliyan 56 da suka gabata
A wancan lokacin, mutane basu bayyana ba tukun, don haka ba za mu iya zama sanadin irin wannan ɗumamar yanayin ba. Ga wadanda suke tunanin cewa wannan na dabi'a ne kuma Duniya na shan wahala lokaci zuwa lokaci da dumamar yanayi wanda ke haifar da canjin yanayi, kuma cewa wannan na al'ada ne, ba haka bane.
Gaskiya ne cewa tsawon wasu miliyoyin shekaru, Duniya ta sha wahala daga ƙaruwa da ba zato ba tsammani da sauyin yanayi, amma ta yi hakan ne da dubunnan dubban shekaru. A canjin mu na yanzu, haka kusan shekaru 250 kenan tun lokacinda aka fara juyin juya halin masana’antu kuma aka fara fitar da iskar gas.
Kimanin shekaru miliyan 56 da suka wuce yawancin carbon dioxide (CO2) da ake fitarwa cikin sararin samaniya ya haɓaka yanayin zafin duniya sosai. Matsakaicin rarancin Paleocene-Eocene babu shakka lamarin da ya shafi dumamar yanayi da sauri da sauri cewa duniyarmu tana da yanayi a cikin shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata. Dumamar yanayi ta kai kimanin shekaru 150.000, kuma zafin duniya ya karu da a kalla digiri 5 a ma'aunin Celsius, karuwar kwatankwacin wasu hasashen da aka yi game da yanayin zamani sama da karshen wannan karnin.
Dalilin dumamar yanayi
Wannan dumamar yanayi ya kasance ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba mutane bane suka haifar dashi. Don haka menene zai iya haifar da irin wannan ƙaruwar yanayin zafi a duniya? An ba da shawara a cikin masana kimiyya cewa ya haifar da shi allurar carbon cikin teku da kuma yanayi, babban abin da ke haifar da shi, asalin wannan carbon, da kuma adadin da aka fitar, har yanzu ba a san su ba.
Koyaya, ina ne irin wannan adadin CO2 zai iya fitowa daga wannan zafin zafin duniyar baki ɗaya ya ƙaru da 5 ° C a matsakaita? Binciken da ƙungiyar Marcus Gutjahr ta duniya ta yi, a baya Jami'ar Southampton a Burtaniya kuma yanzu a GEOMAR (Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research) a Kiel, Jamus ta ba da ra'ayin cewa mai yiwuwa ya kasance saboda fitowar iskar gas daga aman wuta.
Har wa yau, duwatsun wuta ba su da alhakin karuwar yawan iskar gas, don haka daidai ne a yi tunanin cewa a da ba. Koyaya, dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa aikin aman wuta miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata ya fi yawa da ƙarfi fiye da yau.
Bincike da ma'auni
Anyi amfani da haɗin sabbin ma'aunin ma'aunin ƙasa da samfurin ƙirar duniya don ƙayyadadden dalilin fitowar CO2, yana mai tabbatar da cewa wannan ƙarancin ɗumamar yanayin ya samo asali ne daga saurin saurin yanayi na CO2. Idan mukace kalmar azumi muna komawa zuwa lokacin da bai wuce shekaru 25.000 ba (Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba za mu iya kwatanta wannan ɗumamar yanayin da na yanzu ba, nesa da shi), tare da fitowar duwatsu masu laifi kai tsaye daga waɗannan fitowar.
Bugu da kari, ana iya tabbatar da shi saboda gaskiyar cewa a wannan karon ko kadan ya yi daidai da samuwar babban kari na gadon teku na basalts, saboda dumbin lava da ta bazu a kasan. Waɗannan sun faru ne lokacin da Greenland ta fara rabuwa da arewa maso yammacin Turai, suna ƙirƙirar Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa.