Idan muka kalli taswirar daidaitawa zamu ga cewa akwai tsarin da za'a sanya waɗannan abubuwan haɗin. Tsari ne wanda ya danganci tsinkaye na zane kuma sassansa mitoci ne a matakin teku. Shin kira UTM tsarawa. Wannan shine tushen tsarin tunani. A Turanci wadannan kalmomin suna nufin Universal Transversal Mercator. Yana da nau'ikan amfani da halaye waɗanda za mu gani a cikin wannan labarin.
Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da haɗin UTM, halayen su da fa'idodin su, wannan shine gidanku.
Babban fasali
Lokacin da muke magana game da tsarin daidaitawa na UTM muna magana ne akan tsarin da ya danganci tsinkaye na zane wanda sassansa mitoci ne a matakin teku. Daga cikin manyan halayen muna gano cewa yana da tsinkayen silinda. Wannan yana nufin cewa an tsara shi a duk faɗin duniya akan farfajiyar silinda. Hakanan yana da tsinkayen wucewa. Axasan silinda ya dace da kwatankwacin kwatar kwata. Saboda haka, ana kiyaye ƙimar kusurwa don kafa mafi daidaito lokacin kirga wuri da nisa.
Abubuwan fa'idar da wannan tsarin yake dashi akan wasu sune masu zuwa:
- Daidaita da meridians suna wakiltar layin da suka samar da layin grid. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samun daidaito mafi kyau yayin kirga nisa ko ganin inda wani wuri a kan taswirar yake.
- Nisa ta fi sauƙin aunawa fiye da wani tsarin daidaitawa.
- An adana siffar fasalin ƙasa don ƙananan yankuna. Wannan shine yadda zamu iya sanin taimako da nau'in filin da yake a cikin yanki.
- Bayyanawa da kwatance suna da saukin alama. Godiya ga waɗannan haɗin gwiwar, ɗan adam na iya kafa hanyoyi daban-daban, duka teku da iska.
Amma kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, duk tsarin yana da wasu matsaloli. Bari mu ga menene fa'idodi daban-daban na haɗin UTM:
- Yawancin lokaci ana fadada nisa yayin da muke motsawa daga ma'anar yanayin yanayi da silinda. Wannan nisa yana cikin shugabanci daidai da silinda.
- Irin wannan horon yana da mahimmanci a manyan tsaunuka. Sabili da haka, mun ga cewa takardar sayan magani ta ragu yayin da muke zuwa manyan tsaunuka.
- A wurare daban-daban ba cikin tsayayyen rabo tsakanin saman ba.
- Ba a wakiltar yankunan polar ba Ka tuna cewa waɗannan yankuna ma suna da mahimmanci ga yankuna daban-daban
UTM tsarawa da yanki
Don magance matsalar duka ta ɓarna na tsinkayar taswirar haɗin UTM, an gabatar da sandar ne don raba saman duniya. An rarraba duka saman zuwa spindles 60 ko yankuna na digiri 6 a tsawo, wanda hakan ya haifar da tsinkaya daidai 60 tare da meridian na tsakiya. Muna ƙoƙari mu raba kowane sandar kamar wani yanki ne na lemu.
Don kafa mafi kyaun rarrabuwa, ana lasafta su daga 1 zuwa 60 farawa daga Greenwich meridian saboda gabas. Kowannensu ya kasu kashi daban-daban wajanda babban harafi ya tsara su. Yana bin shugabanci daga kudu zuwa arewa kuma yana farawa da harafin C kuma ya ƙare da harafin X. Don kar a rikice, babu wasula da wasiƙuna waɗanda za a iya rikita su da lamba.
Kowane yanki na haɗin UTM an bayyana shi da kyau ta lambar yanki da wasiƙar yanki. Wannan yanki ya kunshi yankuna masu kusurwa huɗu tare da nisan kilomita 100 a kowane gefe. Valuesimar waɗannan haɗin gwiwar koyaushe tabbatattu ne don kar su rikita masu karatu. An kafa gatari na Cartesian X da Y a kan sandar sanda, axis ɗin X shine mai daidaitawa kuma Y a sake shi ne meridian.
Zamu sanya misali na hadewar UTM na wurin da City Council ta A Coruña take. Yana da 29T 548929 4801142, inda 29 ke nuna yankin UTM, T band din UTM, lamba ta farko (548929) ita ce tazarar da ke tazarar mita a gabas zuwa lamba ta biyu (4801142) ita ce tazarar mita a Arewa. Ana amfani da wannan tsarin daidaiton yanayin duniya baki daya don komawa zuwa kowane bangare a doron kasa. Wannan shine yadda zaka iya gano kowane yanki na duniya. Godiya ga wannan tsarin daidaitawa ana iya shigar da ƙimomin a cikin shirye-shiryen kwamfuta daban-daban don saita ma'aunai daidai.
Tsinkayar haɗin UTM
Ana amfani da tsinkaye don wakiltar abu a cikin jirgin sama. Anan ma, ana yin amfani da abubuwan geometries da ginshiƙan Cartesian. Kowane amfani yana da tsawo na digiri 6 kuma akwai babban medidian a digiri 3 wanda ya raba shi zuwa sassa biyu daidai kuma ana amfani dashi don tsinkayen UTM. Don daidaito mafi girma, mun sani cewa kowane yanki an raba shi da daidaiton asalin a cikin Equator. Wannan kwatankwacin asalin ya kasu kashi biyu daidai gwargwadon hemispheres. Mun san cewa namu duniyar tamu muna da yankin arewacin duniya da kuma na kudanci masu rabewa ta layin mahada.
Wannan tsakiyar meridian da Equator sune waɗanda suka kafa gatari biyu na Cartesian a cikin sandar don sanya aya a gaba ɗayan sararin samaniya. Idan muna son hango duk wannan daga jirgi zamu ga cewa babban meridian na yankin shine axis X yayin da Equator shine axis na Y. Saboda haka, axis din X zai sami asalinsa daga tsakiyar meridian yankin kuma yana da daraja na 500000. Wannan ƙimar tana raguwa yayin da muke tafiya yamma kuma yana ƙaruwa idan muka tafi gabas. Ta wannan hanyar, waɗannan ƙa'idodin an kafa don su sami damar kasancewa da kyawawan dabi'u na kogin X.
Yankin Y yana da asalinsa a Ecuador amma yana yin hakan ta wata hanya. Ba kamar sauran ginshiƙan ba, a arewacin arewacin Equator zai sami darajar 0 da ke ƙaruwa zuwa arewa har sai ta kai darajar 10000000 a Pole ta Arewa. A gefe guda, yankin kudu zai sami darajar 10000000 kuma zai yi girma zuwa kudu har sai ya kai darajar 0 a kudu ta kudu. An saita waɗannan ƙimomin kamar haka don koyaushe suna da kyawawan ƙididdigar Y-axis.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da haɗin UTM da halayen su.