Ba kamar theasar Arewa ba, Antarctica ita ce nahiyar da ke cike da duwatsu a cikin manyan kankara. Anan ne Transantarctic duwatsu kuma sanannu ne sosai. Tsarin halitta ne na musamman wanda ya ratsa ta cikin yankin Antarctica kuma ya raba shi zuwa ɓangarori da yawa marasa daidaituwa. Yanayinta yana da ɗimbin duwatsu masu duwatsu da kwari kuma yana da wadatar gaske don nunin burbushin halittu. Godiya ga waɗannan tsaunukan ya sami damar faɗaɗa ilimi mai yawa a fannoni irin su burbushin halittu.
Sabili da haka, zamu ƙaddamar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk halaye da mahimmancin tsaunukan Transantarctic.
Babban fasali
Tunda burbushin wadatattun duwatsu yakai matuka, masu bincike da yawa sun san shi a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya na dinosaur. An fara bayyana Duwatsun Transantarctic akan taswira ta balaguron wani ɗan Burtaniya mai bincike wanda aka san shi da James Ross a shekara ta 1841. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin fasaha a waccan lokacin don iya rayuwa a cikin waɗannan mawuyacin mahalli, akwai wasu matsaloli don isa ƙasan kololuwar yankin.
Daga baya a cikin 1908 masu bincike da yawa sun yi balaguro don haye dutsen a yayin tafiya mai nisa. Waɗannan matafiyan sune Scott, Shackleton, da Amundsen. Godiya ga wannan balaguron, ana iya samar da kyakkyawan bincike kan tsaunukan Transantarctic. Har yanzu daga baya a cikin shekarar 1947, an shirya balaguro na musamman da ake kira babban tsalle kuma sun sami damar samar da cikakkun taswira na yankin tare da duk bayanan da aka samu. Don samun duk waɗannan bayanan game da ilimin halittun duwatsu, an gudanar da bincike daban-daban game da filin a cikin jiragen sama.
Duwatsun Transantarctic sune tsarin tsaunukan dutse da aka kafa daga duwatsu. Sun miƙa tsawon kilomita dubu da yawa daga Tekun Weddell zuwa ƙasar Coats. A halin yanzu ana ɗaukarsa mafi tsayi mafi tsayi a duniya. Kodayake ta shahararriyar hanya Antarctica nahiya ce mai kankara, wani abu gaskiya ne, akwai dutsen da ke ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. A sandar arewa babu wata kafa ta dutse, saboda haka narkar da kankara ta kankara zai samar da cikakken teku. Dangane da narkewar manyan kankara na Antarctica, zai haifar da hauhawa a matakin teku, tunda duk ruwan bai mamaye sararin samaniya ba.
Masana binciken ƙasa suna ɗaukar dutsen azaman layin al'ada ne wanda ya raba gabas da yamma Antarctica a nisan kilomita 480 daga dukkan duwatsu na sandar kudu.
Geology na tsaunukan Transantarctic
Godiya ga yawan karatu da bayanan da tsaunukan Transantarctic suka bayar, ya zama abin duba ga burbushin halittu. Bangaren kimiyya da aka sani da ilimin kimiyyar halittar jiki ya sami wadatar bayanai masu tarin yawa albarkacin duwatsun Transantarctic. A ma'anar ilimin kasa, an gano wadannan tsaunukan a matsayin masu mahimman hanyar fitar da kwarin kasan a saman.
Asalin ya samo asali ne daga aikin girgizar kasa na kimanin shekaru miliyan 65. Sauran jeri waɗanda ke tsakanin iyakokin Antarctica asalinsu ne na kwanan nan. Matsayi mafi girma na tsaunukan Transantarctic isa tsawo na mita 4.528 sama da matakin teku. Anan ne ake samun mafi girman tarin burbushin halittu a duniya. Dubun miliyoyin shekaru ya yiwu a kula da wannan adadin burbushin a cikin yanayi mai kyau don kiyaye su.
Kodayake a da can Antarctica tana da wadataccen rayuwa, amma a yau kankara ta rufe ta. Dubun miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata akwai yanayi a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi don ci gaban halittu masu rai, wanda ke bayanin babban tarin burbushin halittu da ke cikin waɗannan tsaunukan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da tsaunukan Transantarctic
Za mu ga menene ainihin bayanan abubuwan da aka samo daga ɗimbin karatu na tsaunukan Transantarctic. A tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata, ana iya ganin rabuwar babban dutsen kankara wanda masu bincike suka taba rubutawa. Kuma shine matsakaita yanayin duniya yana tashi tun lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu na mutane. Girman wannan glacier kilomita 31.080 ne, duk abin da ke kan yankin wasu kasashen Turai.
Musamman, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan wuraren da suka bushe a duniya inda babu ruwan sama sama da shekaru miliyan biyu. A cikin Saliyo Vista wani ɓangare na tsaunukan Transantarctic ana kiransa Taylor Valley. Anan akwai ambaliyar ruwa inda koramu ke gudana zuwa ƙasa kuma suka zama launi tare da inuwar jini ja. Wasu masu binciken sunyi bayani game da wannan lamarin kuma hakan ya faru ne saboda yawan ruwan da kwayoyin cuta na anaerobic suka samar. Kwayoyin cutar anaerobic sune wadanda suke rayuwa a cikin rashi oxygen kuma basa bukatar rayuwa.
A samuwar wani bangare na mafi girman tsaunin Kirk-Patrick, an sami ragowar dinosaur mai fuka-fukai. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, dubun miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, Antarctica wuri ne da bya totallyan jinsunan dinosaur ke rayuwa gaba ɗaya. Girman wadannan manyan burbushin burbushin halittar kwata-kwata bai yi daidai ba. Hakanan ya yiwu a cire burbushin halittu na kananan dinosaur masu cin nama kamar su Cryolophosaurus.
Daya daga cikin mawuyacin wurare a tsaunukan Transantarctic shine Cape Adair. Dangane da yanayin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin gaske wanda ke faruwa a duk yankin, burbushin halittu an adana su cikin yanayi mai kyau. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sune cikakke ga ɗan adam don ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin nazarin asali da canjin halittu masu rai har zuwa yau.
ƘARUWA
Tsaunukan Transantarctic sun kasance ɗayan wurare mafi ƙarancin bincike a duniya a yau. Ka tuna cewa tsarin halitta ne tare da nesa mai nisa daga kowane irin wayewa kuma inda akwai mawuyacin yanayi na rayuwa don rayuwa. A lokaci guda, dutsen yana da kyakkyawa kyakkyawa wanda ke tunatar da shimfidar wurare daga sauran duniyoyi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya koyo game da tsaunukan Transantarctic da halayensu.