Ofaya daga cikin tekunan da suke atlantic teku shi ne Tekun Baltic. Hannu ne na wannan teku a arewacin yankin wanda ya faɗi daga latitude na kudancin Denmark kusan ya isa Arctic Circle kuma ya raba yankin Tekun Scandinavia daga sauran ƙasashen Turai. Ruwa ne wanda ake ɗauka mafi girma a cikin ruwa mai ƙwanƙwasa a duniya. Ba shi da zurfi sosai saboda haka yana haifar da babbar sha'awa ga ma'abota ilimin kimiyya saboda yawan gishirin sa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Tekun Baltic, halaye da asali.
Babban fasali
Anara ne na ruwan kwalliya wanda aka ɗauka mafi girma a duniya. Kai ɗan gajere ne kuma ɗan gajere. Ga masana tarihi yana wakiltar tushen tattalin arziƙin Hadin gwiwar Hanseatic kuma ga masana kimiyya yana haifar da babbar sha'awa. Sunaye da yawa da wannan teku ya samo sama da shekaru biyu suna tabbatar da matsayinta na asali tunda shine wurin taron ƙasashe da yawa.
Babban teku ne na ruwan dunƙulen ruwa wanda ya haɗu da Turai kuma yana buɗewa ga Tekun Arewa da Tekun Atlantika. Countriesasashe da yawa sun kewaye ta waɗanda ke cikin yankin Scandinavia. Ya fi tsayi fiye da kilomita 1600 kuma matsakaicin faɗi kusan kilomita 190. Idan kun kalli jerin Viking zaku san cewa wannan tekun yamma ya miƙe arewa ta ƙasan Denmark kuma zai haɗa da Kattegat. Kattegat mashigar ruwa ce da ta raba Denmark da kudu maso yammacin Sweden.
Daga cikin halayen da suka fito daga wannan tekun, muna nuna cewa yana da cikakkun ruɓaɓɓen teku. Ana la'akari da ita azaman hanun Tekun Atlantika wanda ya haɗu da shi tsakiyar mashigar Kattegat da kuma mashigar Skagerrak. Na dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mayanar ruwa a duniya tunda tana karbar ruwa daga duka koguna da kuma teku. Yanayinta tsawan ne kuma yana da ɗan kaɗan. Hanyar hanyar fita zuwa Tekun Atlantika ita ce Kattegat Strait.
Girman ruwan da wannan gidan ruwan yake kusa da kilomita kilomita dubu 20.000. Matsakaicin zurfin ya kai kimanin mita 55 kawai, matsakaicin zurfin ya kai kimanin mita 459. Kamar yadda yake da irin wannan ƙaramin teku, yana da kyau duk gishiri ya fi sauri sauri kuma a cikin haɗuwa mafi girma. Tana da matsakaicin gishirin 3.5%, kodayake a wasu sassan ƙarancin yana ƙasa.
Tsibirin da ke cikin Tekun Baltic
Za mu ga waɗanne wurare ne fitattu waɗanda ta wannan teku suke ratsawa. Yankin yankin Scandinavia ya kewaye shi kuma yana bin hanyar da muke bi a kowane lokaci muna samun kasashe masu zuwa: Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany da Denmark.
Daga cikin tsibirin da aka haskaka zamu ga cewa wannan teku tana da rabe-raben daban. Yankin arewacin Tekun Bothnian ne kuma yankin gabashin shine Tekun Finland da Gulf na Riga. Mafi yawan tsibirai a cikin wannan teku shine tsibirin Åland. Wannan tarin tsiburai Tana da tsibirai 6.700 wanda 65 daga cikinsu sune waɗanda suke da mazauna.
Daga cikin shahararrun tsibirai a cikin Tekun Baltic muna da masu zuwa:
- Fehmarn: Tsibiri ne a Jamus da aka sani da tsibirin rana.
- Duban Boye: Karamar tsibiri ce ba ta Tekun Baltic ba.
- Gwaji: Tsibiri ne mai ban sha'awa, tunda yana kama da alwatika.
- Rugen: Tsibiri ne wanda yake da mafi yawan wuraren yawon shakatawa tare da shahararrun wuraren shakatawa na bakin teku. Yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan tsibirai da aka ziyarta a duk Tekun Baltic.
Flora da fauna na Tekun Baltic
Tsarin halittu na wannan tekun ya zama abin so ga dukkan masana kimiyya da masu bincike yayin da yake amsawa da sauri zuwa tasirin daban na waje. Koyaya, duk da wannan, teku ce wacce take talauci ƙwarai a cikin oxygen, wanda ke nufin cewa fauna bashi da yawa sosai. Akwai wasu nau'ikan kifayen da muke samun sukuwa, pike, cod, kifin kifi, sprat, shark da hake. Hakanan abu ne na yau da kullun a lura da wasu dabbobi kamar su porpoises, ringing like, European otters da tsuntsaye kamar su farin stork, duckll haslda, cranes da ospreys wanda yake neman abinci a gabar ruwansa.
Dangane da fure, rashin wadataccen iskar oxygen, zai iya karɓar ciyayi kaɗan. Ba za ku iya samun tsire-tsire iri-iri da yawa ba saboda waɗannan yanayi marasa kyau a gare su. Mafi shahararrun tsirrai da muke samu anan sune algae mai ruwan kasa, sargassum mafitsara da tsirrai na kungiyoyin Zostera, Charophyta da Potamogeton.
Tattalin arziki, gurbatawa da mahimmancin su
Za mu ga yanayin ɗan adam wanda yake a kewayen wannan teku. Dangane da tattalin arziki, mun san cewa babbar hanya ce ta jigilar kayayyaki. Suna ƙunshe da gaskiyar kusan wasu hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki 24 waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don safarar busassun albarkatun ƙasa cikin yawa kamar ƙarfe, gawayi, tagulla ko hatsi. Hakanan hanya ce mai mahimmanci don bincika da amfani da man Rasha. Saboda haka, akwai damuwa da yawa game da yiwuwar gurɓatar teku.
Yanki ne da ke kawo yawon bude ido da yawa, kodayake yanayi ne da kuma gurbatarwar da hakar hydrocarbons ke haifarwa. Canje-canje a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli da kuma tasirin ilimin halittar mutum yana shafar wannan tekun sosai. Masunta, gurbatar muhalli da masana'antar masana'antu da mutane ke lalata yanayin halittar wannan tekun.
A cikin 2010 akwai yaduwar koren algae wanda ya haifar da babbar koren kore a saman wanda ya sa iskar oxygen ta ragu sosai. Saboda haka, wani yanki na wannan tekun ba shi da mazauni saboda haka ana daukar sa matacce ne. Har ila yau, yana gabatar da aiwatar da eutrophication wanda ke haifar da furannin kwayoyi masu yawa da za a gani a yankunan.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Tekun Baltic da duk halayensa.