Tsakanin tekunan duniya, da Tekun Arctic ita ce mafi kankanta kuma mafi yawan ruwan arewa. Hakanan ana ɗaukarsa mafi sanyi mafi sanyi a duniyar tamu tunda mafi yawan ruwanta suna rufe da babban dusar kankara a duk shekara. A ciki rayuwa ta dace da waɗannan maƙiyan yanayi na yanayin sanyi. Koyaya, yana ɗaya daga cikin tekunan da mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi da dumamar yanayi ya shafa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halaye, juyin halitta, fure da fauna na Tekun Arctic.
Babban fasali
Babban bambanci yana da tare da Tekun Antartic shine cewa yana da shimfidar wuri na ƙasa wanda kankara take. A yanayin da narkewar kankara ya ci gaba a wannan matakin, zai zama Pole ta Kudu wanda ke ƙara girman teku. Tekun Arctic ba shi da shiryayyen nahiya, amma ruwan daskararre ne kawai. Wannan yana haifar da daskararren kangon yana shawagi a tsakiyar ruwan. Wadannan manyan dusar kankara suna kewaye da tekun gaba daya a lokacin bazara da watannin hunturu, Kamar yadda ruwa ya daskare, kaurinsa zai yi girma.
Tana cikin yankin arewacin arewacin yankin wanda yake kusa da Arctic Circle. Ya iyakance a yankuna kusa da Asiya, Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Ketare ruwa tare dashi atlantic teku ta mashigar Fram da Tekun Barents. Hakanan yana iyaka da Tekun Fasifik ta hanyar Bering Strait da kuma duk gabar tekun Alaska, Kanada, Arewacin Turai, da Rasha.
Babban zurfinsa yana tsakanin mita 2000 zuwa 4000. Tana da yawan fili kusan kilomita murabba'i 14.056.000.
Formation da yanayi na tekun Arctic
Kodayake ba a fahimci yadda aka samar da wannan tekun ba sosai, amma ana zaton asalinta ya daɗe. Akwai mawuyacin yanayin muhalli wanda ke sanya karatun wannan teku mai wahala. Jama'ar Eskimo suna zaune kusan shekaru 20.000. Waɗannan mutane sun sami damar daidaitawa da yanayin yanayi mai tsananin wuya da aka samu a waɗannan wuraren. Daga zuriya zuwa zuriya sun sami damar ba da ilimin da ake buƙata don su iya daidaitawa kuma su saba da rayuwa a waɗannan wuraren.
A cikin wannan teku an samo burbushin da yake nuni da shaidar rayuwar kwayoyin halitta wanda yake daskarewa har abada. An kiyasta cewa yana yin kusan wasu shekaru miliyan 70 da suka gabata suna da irin yanayin da Tekun Bahar Rum yake da shi a yau. Kuma shi ne cewa a wasu lokuta da lokutan lokacin ilimin kasa an gano wannan teku gaba ɗaya ba tare da wani ƙanƙara ba.
Matsakaicin yanayin zafi lokacin sanyi a wannan faduwar teku zuwa darajar -50 digiri, wanda ke sa rayuwa a cikin wannan wuri ya zama odyssey. Yanayin iyakacin duniya yana daya daga cikin mafiya sanyi a doron kasa, wanda yake haifar da dawwama ko kuma rashin yanayin zafi na shekara shekara. An fi raba shi zuwa yanayi biyu na kusan watanni 6 kowane. Za mu bincika tashoshin guda biyu da suke cikin Tekun Arctic:
- Bazara: A lokacin watan bazara yanayin zafi yakan sauka kimanin digiri 0 kuma akwai haske mai ci gaba daga rana awa 24 a rana. Hakanan akwai dawakai masu ci gaba da dusar ƙanƙara waɗanda ke hana kankara narkewa gaba ɗaya. Daga lokacin bazara kuma akwai raƙuman ruwa masu ƙarfi tare da ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara.
- Winter: zafin jiki ya kai darajar darajoji -50 kuma akwai dare na har abada. A wannan lokacin shekara ba a ganin rana a kowane lokaci. Sama ta bayyana kuma yanayin yanayi ya daidaita. Wannan saboda babu tasiri daga hasken rana.
Ba za mu iya mantawa cewa babban dalilin da ya sa yanayin yanayin yanayi ya kasance shine saboda aikin hasken rana. Saboda haka, a lokacin watannin hunturu akwai yanayin yanayin karko sosai. Saboda tasirin canjin yanayi da dumamar yanayi, yanayin zafi na watannin bazara yana ta karuwa da yawa, yana haifar da kusan narkewar ilahirin Tekun Arctic.
Flora da fauna na tekun Arctic
Kodayake wannan tekun yana cikin mawuyacin yanayi, akwai dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa waɗanda suka dace da waɗannan mahalli. Yawancinsu suna da fararen fata wanda ke zama kamanni da kariya daga sanyi. Kuna iya ƙidaya ƙari ko lessasa game da nau'in dabbobi 400 kuma sun dace da tsananin sanyin wannan yanki. Daga cikin sanannun sanannun muna da nau'in 6 na hatimai da zakunan teku, kifayen whales na nau'ikan daban-daban da jakar polar, kasancewar mafi kyawun sanannu.
Hakanan akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka sani da suna krill waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dala ta muhalli. Ciyawar tana da ƙarancin ƙaranci, da kyar aka hada ta mosses da lichens.
Gwanon kankara da ya samu a cikin Tekun Arctic manyan mutane ne masu daskarewa. Yankin da ba na ruwa ba yana girma sau biyu a girma a lokacin hunturu kuma ruwa mai kankara ke kewaye dasu a lokacin bazara. Waɗannan iyakokin sukan kai kimanin kauri 2 zuwa 3 kuma koyaushe ruwa da iska da ke zuwa daga Siberia suna motsa su. Daga karshe zamu iya ganin wasu kankara wadanda suke karo da juna kuma suka hade gaba daya. Wannan yana haifar da raunin bakin ciki wanda ya ninka kaurin iyakokin da aka kafa tun farko sau uku.
Ana iya cewa gishirin wannan tekun shi ne mafi ƙanƙanci a duk duniya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar rashin ƙarancin ruwa kuma ruwan narkewa, wanda yake da zaki, yana tasiri akan sa.
Halin yanzu
An kiyasta cewa a cikin wannan teku 25% na duk arzikin duniya na mai, gas, tin, manganese, gold, nickel, lead da platinum ana samun su. Wannan yana nufin cewa narkewar yana ba da damar isa ga waɗannan albarkatun azaman makamashi da yanki mai mahimmancin mahimmanci don gaba. Wannan tekun shine mafi girman tanadin tsaftataccen ruwa a duniya. Narkar da shi yana haifar da ƙarshenta.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Tekun Arctic.