La Sirius star An san shi da mafi haske a cikin dukan sararin samaniya. Hakanan ana kiranta da sunayen Sirius ko Alpha Canis Majoris. Kyakykyawan farin tauraro ne mai girman girma -1,46, wanda yake kusan shekaru 8,6 haske. Ya fi Rana girma sau 1,5 kuma ya fi Rana haske sau 22, tana da ƙaramin sahabi, farar dodanniya, wacce ke kewaya ta duk bayan shekaru 50, amma ba ta iya ganin ido saboda tana da hasken +8,4.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sanin game da tauraron Sirius, halayensa, wasu tarihin da ƙari.
Babban fasali
Wannan tauraro sananne ne ga al'adu da yawa kuma shine babban tauraro a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Canis Major. Tauraro ne na binary wanda ya kunshi taurari biyu, Sirius A da Sirius B.. Sirius A shine tauraro mafi girma kuma mafi haske a cikin tsarin, kuma yana da haske kusan sau 25 fiye da Rana kuma yana da taro kusan sau biyu. Sirius B kuwa, ya fi Sirius A, karami kuma ya fi suma, fiye da Sirius A. An kiyasta cewa taurarin biyu suna kewaya junansu duk bayan shekaru 50.
Launi na Sirius yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ya fi dacewa da shi. A ido tsirara, ya bayyana a matsayin farin tauraro mai haske, amma idan muka duba sosai. za mu ga cewa tana fitar da hasken launuka masu yawa, daga shuɗi zuwa ja. Wannan al'amari yana faruwa ne saboda tauraro yana fitar da hasken wuta a wani faffadan tsayin raƙuman ruwa, yana haifar da haske mai bayyana fari amma tare da alamar launi.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, Sirius matashin tauraro ne a ilimin taurari, wanda aka kiyasta shekarunsa kusan shekaru miliyan 230 ne kawai. Idan aka kwatanta, Sun namu kusan shekaru biliyan 4.6 ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa Sirius har yanzu tauraro ne a cikin lokacin girma, kuma yana yiwuwa a nan gaba ya rikide zuwa giant ja sannan kuma farin dwarf.
Shi ma tauraro ne da ke kusa da Duniya. tare da nisa na kimanin shekaru 8.6 haske. Saboda kusancinsa da haskensa, Sirius ya kasance batun nazari da lura da yawa, wanda ya baiwa masana ilmin taurari damar sanin tsarinsa da halayensa.
gano Sirius
Gano wannan tauraro ya samo asali ne tun a zamanin da, domin yana daya daga cikin taurari mafi haske da bayyane a sararin samaniya tsawon shekaru aru-aru. Masarawa na dā sun ɗauke ta ɗaya daga cikin taurari mafi muhimmanci, kuma bayyanarta a sararin sama ya nuna lokacin da kogin Nilu ya fara ambaliya.
A cikin 1718, masanin astronomer na Jamus Johann Baptist Cysat ya fara lura cewa Sirius yana da abokin tafiya a cikin ta. Duk da haka, masanin falaki William Herschel ne a 1804 wanda ya gano cewa Sirius ainihin tauraro ne.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da bincike da lura da yawa na Sirius. A shekara ta 1862, masanin taurari dan kasar Amurka Alvan Graham Clark ne ya fara kallo tare da daukar hoton abokin Sirius ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa.
A tsawon shekaru, duka babban tauraro da abokinsa an gano suna da halaye daban-daban. Babban tauraro, Sirius A, tauraro ne mai nau'in nau'in A1V tare da taro mai girma sau 2,4 fiye da na Rana da zafin jiki na kusan digiri 9.940 Kelvin. A gefe guda kuma, abokinsa, Sirius B, farin tauraro ne, wanda shine mafi girman tauraro da aka sani.
Wasu tarihin
A cikin tarihi, Sirius ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ainihin ilimin ɗan adam. Tsofaffin mazauna kwarin Nilu sun gano alaƙa tsakanin ambaliyar kogin Nilu akan lokaci da bayyanar Sirius na farko a sararin sama jim kaɗan kafin wayewar gari. Hasali ma, lokacin yin kalandarsu, Masarawa sun sake shigar da wata mai suna Thoth lokacin da tauraron Sirius, wanda suke kira Sotis, ya tashi a wata na goma sha biyu na kalandar gama gari. Har ila yau, Girkawa sun yi amfani da lura da bayyanar Sirius don inganta kalandarsu., mai yiwuwa wahayi ne ta hanyar lura da waɗannan maganganun na asali.
Sirius kuma shi ne jarumi na farko da ya tantance tazarar taurari, duk da cewa bai yi daidai ba, tunda shi ne nau'i na farko na aunawa. Da alama masanin falaki dan kasar Scotland James Gregory (1638-1675) ya kirkiro wata hanya ta kwatanta hasken Rana da ta taurari, ta hanyar amfani da kadarorin da hasken ke raguwa a cikin tsari na murabba'in tazarar da ke tsakaninsu. Maimakon amfani da hasken rana, Gregory ya yi amfani da hasken tauraron da Saturn ke nunawa. Daga baya Isaac Newton (1642-1727) ya kammala cewa Sirius ya ninka nisa miliyoyi tsakanin Duniya da Rana, wannan darajar ba daidai ba ce amma tabbas yana da kyakkyawan tushe don tabbatar da nisan sararin samaniya da aka sani a lokacin.
Duban tauraron Sirius a sararin sama na dare
Haskensa yana da girma -1,46, wasu taurari ne kawai suka wuce, kamar wata da rana. Farin tauraro ne mai haske sau 25 fiye da Rana tare da yanayin zafi sama da 9.940 K. Shi ne tauraro na biyar mafi kusa da Duniya. Nisa daga duniya shine shekarun haske 8,6.
Yana cikin ƙungiyar taurari Can Magajin kuma ana iya gani daga tsakiyar latitudes akan sararin kudanci., bai yi tsayi da yawa sama da sararin sama ba. A Spain, Sirius yawanci ana iya gani a mafi yawan lokutan hunturu da bazara, tare da lokacin tsakanin ƙarshen Janairu zuwa tsakiyar Maris shine mafi kyawun lokacin lokacin abubuwan lura.
Ana iya gani daga kusan dukkanin duniya sai daga yankuna sama da 73º arewa latitude, don haka daga yankunan da ke ƙasa 73º kudu latitude, Sirius tauraro ne mai da'ira (a koyaushe ana iya gani). Yana aiki azaman nuni don gano wasu jikunan sama kamar buɗaɗɗen gungu M41, M46, M47 da M50.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da tauraron Sirius da halayensa.