Akwai nau'ikan tsaunuka masu yawa a duniya dangane da halayensu, asalinsu da nau'in fashewar su. Daya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci shine Stromboli volcano. Wani nau'in dutse ne mai ban sha'awa saboda halayensa na musamman wanda ya sa ya kasance da sha'awar al'ummar kimiyya.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da dutsen mai aman wuta na Stromboli, halayensa, asalinsa da nau'in fashewa.
Stromboli volcano
Stromboli yana ɗaya daga cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka mafi tsayi da ke da tarihin ayyuka na shekaru 2000. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ana siffanta shi da cewa kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na tsayinsa yana ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Sunansa sigar Italiyanci ce ta tsohuwar sunan Girkanci Στρογγυλή (Strogule), ma'ana "da'irar" ko "da'irar". Hakan na faruwa ne saboda siffar kolinsa, kashi na uku na dutsen mai aman wuta da ke fitowa daga teku.
Wani abin ban sha'awa game da wannan Colossus shi ne cewa UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a shekara ta 2000, tare da sauran tsibirin Aeolian, saboda babban gudunmawar da ya bayar ga fannin ilimin volcano tun zamanin da, kamar gano Vulcanians da kuma abubuwan da suka faru. strombolians.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Stromboli yana daya daga cikin tsibiran Aeolian da ke cikin Tekun Tyrrhenian a Italiya. Wani yanki ne na birnin Lipari, wanda kuma wani yanki ne na Metropolis na Messina. Abubuwan daidaitawa sune 38°47'39″N 15°13'04″E.
Daga cikin halayensa muna da:
- Nau'in wutar lantarki: stratovolcano.
- Bangaren: Ƙaƙƙarfan lava.
- Garuruwan da ke kusa: Metropolis na Messina.
- Yiwuwar Barazana: Matsakaici.
- Tsayi: Mita 926 sama da matakin teku, mita 2000 sama da matakin teku.
- Fadinsa: 12,19 kilomita murabba'i.
- Kiyasin fashewar farko: shekaru 6.050.
- Fashewar fashewa ta ƙarshe: 350 BC. C-Hakika.
Yaya haɗari ne dutsen mai aman wuta na Stromboli?
Ko da yake gaskiya ne cewa ba a dauki dutsen mai aman wuta a matsayin babbar barazana ba, ba za mu iya musun cewa rashin zaman lafiyarsa na iya yin barazana ga mazauna tsibirin ba, don haka ya zama dole a kara yin nazari a kansa.
Tare da tarihinsa, Stromboli ya lashe rayukan mutane 11 tare da jikkata wasu da dama ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Yawan mutanen da Colossus ke yi wa barazanar kai tsaye ya kai mutane 400, adadin mutanen da ke rayuwa a Musulunci. Sai dai kuma idan aka yi tashin hankali da gaske, hakan na iya jefa rayuwar mazauna tsibiran da ke kewaye da su cikin haɗari, waɗanda yawansu ya haura 10.000.
volcano aiki
Ko da yake ana gudanar da ayyukan volcanic kusan shekaru 2360, akwai ƴan rashi da suka fito daga cikin taron. Ya kamata a lura cewa kafin wannan, an kiyasta cewa aƙalla manyan fashewar abubuwa 8 sun faru tsakanin 6050 zuwa 4050 BC. C da 8 a wannan lambar. Za mu yi magana game da karshen a kasa.
Fashewar fashewa biyar ne kawai: 1919, 1930, 1986, 2001 da 2019. Fashewar shekara ta 1919 ta kori manyan duwatsu da suka fado kusa da wasu al'ummomi biyu da ke kusa, inda suka kashe mutane hudu tare da haddasa tsunami. Fashewar 1930 ta haifar da ƙarin tan 30 na magma, wanda ya ƙare ya ɗauki rayukan ƙarin mutane huɗu a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban a kusa da dutsen mai aman wuta.
A shekara ta 1986, wani mutum ya tunkari bakin ramin lokacin da ya fashe, kuma abin bakin ciki shi ne, nan da nan wani lava ya kashe ransa. A nata bangaren, gungun 'yan yawon bude ido ne suka ziyarci kewayen dutsen mai aman wuta a shekara ta 2001, lokacin da ya barke kamar da, kuma wani lafazin ya kashe daya daga cikinsu. Za mu yi magana game da fashewar 2019 a sashe na gaba.
Stromboli fashewa a cikin 2016 don gabatarwa
A cikin 2016, aikin dutsen mai aman wuta ya ƙaru sosai kuma ya kasance a haka (sai dai ɗan ƙaramin aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci) har zuwa yau. A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2016, an ga fashewar aman wuta da yawa, amma ba su wakiltar wani babban haɗari ga farar hula ba.
Sannan, a cikin 2017, an sami fashewar abubuwa guda huɗu masu matsakaicin ƙarfi, tare da fashewar toka mai yawa da kuma ƴan ƙaramar lafa da aka gani a arewacin kogin. Duk da haka, mazauna tsibirin ba su yi wani hatsari ba.
A farkon rabin shekarar 2018, dutsen mai aman wuta bai da aiki sosai, sai dai ga manyan fashe-fashe na duniya guda biyu wadanda ba su haifar da wata barazana ba. Duk da haka, a cikin rabin na biyu na shekara. wasu bututun iska na Stromboli sun barke sama da sau 60 a cikin awa daya. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a ta Italiya ta bayyana rashin kwanciyar hankali kuma ta fara sa ido sosai don fitar da mazauna a yayin wani hatsari.
Stromboli ya fara 2019 yana aiki sosai. Akwai fashewa da yawa da matsakaitan lava a cikin watan Janairu. A cikin Fabrairu da Maris, dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya daidaita tare da ƙarancin ayyuka, kuma Mayu ya kasance iri ɗaya tare da ƴan tsiraru kaɗan.
Sai dai a ranar 3 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar. dutsen mai aman wuta ya sake fashewa da karfi, yana watsa hayaki mai kauri mai nisan kilomita 3 sama da mafi girman inda yake, yana toka toka, duwatsu, da lava. Lamarin dai ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutum daya da kuma jikkata daya. Bayan wannan taron, an sake yin rikodin wasu ƙananan fashe-fashe 20 ba tare da haifar da wata matsala ba, kuma an sake dawo da yanayin ƙarancin aiki.
Rana rana
Ana iya ganin magma mai zafi kai tsaye daga saman dutsen mai aman wuta. Hawan mazugi mai aman wuta na Stromboli da rana, tashi daga Ofishin yawon shakatawa na Pro Loco a Ficogrande, isa Caldera (mita 200 a ƙasan koli) a faɗuwar rana kuma ku kalli kallon wuta da dare tsakanin nods. Hanyar sa'o'i hudu ko shida ba ta dace da mutanen da ke sanye da takalma ba, musamman ma tsayin daka na ƙarshe na kyakkyawan dutsen mai aman wuta yana sa ka ɗauki matakai biyu baya ga kowane mataki biyu na gaba.
Tufafi masu dumi, ruwa mai yawa, abinci da jakunkuna na barci suna da mahimmanci don tafiya mai ban sha'awa zuwa dutsen mai aman wuta. Koyaya, fashewar kyalkyali da ke gaishe masu yawon bude ido da dutsen mai aman wuta ya cancanci kowane ƙoƙari. Hawan ya ƙare a 364 m sama da matakin teku. Ramin, wani mazugi mai girma, kullum yana huci fumaroles, daga abin da sulfur tururi yana fitowa tsakanin 100 da 200ºC. Yana da aminci don ziyarta, kodayake akwai faɗakarwa na yau da kullun da faɗakarwa a kowace shekara, ba a ba da shawarar nisantar tafiye-tafiyen jagorori ko ƙoƙarin saukowa dutsen mai aman wuta shi kaɗai ko da dare.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da dutsen mai aman wuta na Stromboli da halayensa.