NASA

Tabbas, a lokuta da yawa kunji labarin NASA. Wannan ita ce Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Amurka (NASA, don karancinta a Turanci) hukuma ce da aka keɓe don binciken sararin samaniya da bincike. A cikin shekaru tun farkonta, ta ƙaddamar da manufa da yawa don bincika sararin samaniya. Yana daya daga cikin mahimman hukumomi a duniya a cikin duk abin da ya shafi ilimin taurari.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halaye da muhimmancin NASA.

Babban fasali

Hukuma ce wacce aka kirkireta a shekarar 1958. Tun daga wannan lokacin, take daukar nauyin kaddamar da ayyukan sama sama da mutum 160 kuma ta tura 'yan sama jannati da dama zuwa sararin samaniya. Babban maƙasudin NASA da duk ayyukan sararin samaniya waɗanda suka faru a tsawon waɗannan shekarun shine bincika sararin samaniya da kuma samun ƙarin bayani game da shi. Muna ƙoƙari don bincika ko gano game da rayuwar rayuwar ƙasa da halaye na duk abin da ke kewaye da duniyarmu a sararin samaniya.

Daga cikin mahimman manufa Wadanda wannan hukumar tayi karin haske a kansu sune wadanda suka tafi duniyar wata a shekarar 1969. Babban aiki ne wanda yayi tafiya a duk kusurwar wannan duniyar kuma kowa yana jiran abin da NASA zata gano. Akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda har yanzu suke tunanin cewa tafiya zuwa duniyar wata duk wata fa'ida ce kuma ba gaske bane.

Farawa da wasu mahimman tafiye-tafiye zuwa sararin samaniya, NASA dole ta soke balaguro da yawa saboda rashin kuɗi. Kuma wannan shine binciken sararin samaniya ya rasa sha'awar yawan jama'a kuma ƙasa da ƙaramar kuɗi aka ƙaddara shi. Bayan shekaru 30 yana yin ayyukan sararin samaniya, dole ne ya soke duk wannan shirin. Amma duk da haka Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump yana son turawa hukumar ta sararin samaniya don ta kara aikewa da sako zuwa sararin samaniya da kuma yin abubuwan da suka dace.

Mahimmancin NASA

Ka tuna cewa a yanzu wannan hukumar ba ita ce kawai za ta bincika sarari ba. Duk da haka, bai kamata a rage shi ba, tunda ita ce ta kai mu duniyar wata kimanin shekaru 51 da suka gabata. Bugu da kari, a duk tsawon wadannan shekarun yana da alhakin cikar burin mutane don cin nasarar sararin samaniya. Kodayake an kafa ta ne a ranar 29 ga Yulin 1958, amma bai fara aiki ba har sai 1 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar.

Duk abin da aka sani game da sararin samaniya har zuwa yanzu wannan hukumar ta gano shi, saboda haka yana da mahimmancin gaske dangane da ilimin duk duniyar. Duk lokacin da wani abu game da sararin samaniya ya ƙare sai mu tuna da wannan hukumar. Yanzu zamu ga waɗanne ne mafi mahimman tafiye-tafiye waɗanda NASA ta yi kuma suna da mahimmancin ilimin duniya.

Mafi kyawun tafiye-tafiyen NASA

• Mai bincike 1: Ita ce tauraron dan adam na farko na Yammacin Turai wanda aka bayar don Soviet. Da wannan tauraron dan adam ne aka fara tseren sararin samaniya (mahada) 30. Wannan na'urar ta auna santimita 203 tsawonta da fadin santimita 16 kuma tana da alhakin gano cewa duniyar tamu tana zagaye da hasken rana. Ya kewaya duniyarmu sau dubu 58 kuma ya kasance a sararin samaniya tsawon shekaru 12.
• Allan Shepard: Shi ne dan sama jannatin NASA na farko da ya fara tafiya zuwa sararin samaniya. Ya yi jirgin sama a sararin samaniyar Mercury Redstone 3. Wannan lamarin ya faru ne a shekarar 1961.
• Apollo Shirin: Wannan shirin yana nufin iya tashi sama da taka wata ne. An fara shirin ne bayan sanarwar da Shugaba John F. Kennedy ya fitar inda ya bayyana cewa za a kai wani mutum zuwa tauraron dan adam. Akwai ayyuka da yawa har Apollo 11 yana cikin kula da cika alƙawarin taka wata. Hakan ya faru ne a shekarar 1969 kuma Neil Armstrong ne ya yi magana da kalmomin rashin mutuwa na: "smallaramin mataki ga mutum, babban tsalle ga ɗan adam." An faɗi wannan jimlar kafin a hau kan tauraron dan adam ɗinmu, Wata.
• Apollo 13: Wannan wata manufa ce da ta nemi jagorantar mutum ya taka tauraron dan adam a karo na uku. Koyaya, shingen tankin oxygen ya sa jirgin ya kasance cikin haɗari. Ya kasance ɗayan mahimman ci nasara cikin tarihi. Kodayake aikin bai tafi daidai ba, amma sun sami damar komawa gida saboda kwarewar 'yan sama jannatin da abokan tafiyarsu. Dole ne kuma mu ambaci aikin masu kula da manufa a duniya waɗanda suka taimaka komawa duniyarmu.
• Majagaba 10: Mayu 1972 kuma bincike ne na sararin samaniya wanda ya zama kumbo na farko da ya tsallaka Belt din Asteroid ya isa Jupiter. Tana da farantin da ke sanar da duk wani bayanan sirri na duniya wanda za a iya samu daga inda ya fito da kuma yadda mu mutane muke. Sigina na ƙarshe da aka kama daga wannan binciken shine a cikin 2003. A halin yanzu, yana kan hanya zuwa tauraron Aldebaran a cikin ƙungiyar Taurus.

Sauran muhimman ayyukan

Bari mu ga menene sauran muhimman aiyukan da NASA tayi.

• Sararin sararin samaniya: Shiri ne wanda aka haifeshi lokacin da NASA ke son rage farashin bincike. Wannan saboda jirgin Apollo za'a iya amfani dashi sau daya kawai. Da alama akwai motocin da za su iya tsayayya da tafiye-tafiye da yawa a sararin samaniya, don haka dole ne su haɓaka jirgi wanda zai iya jure zafin da ƙofar da fitowar ƙasa ke fitarwa. Bayan shekaru 9 30 na karatu, ana iya ƙirƙirar jigila ta Columbia. Tun lokacin da ta fara aikinta, ana amfani da ita fiye da shekaru 2, amma ta wargaje a fitowarta ta ƙarshe kuma ta ɗauki rayukan mambobi ma'aikata 7.
• Hubble Space Telescope: Kafin Hubble, hotunan da muke dasu na sararin samaniya samfura ne masu hangen nesa. NASA ta yanke shawarar sanya ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan na'urori daga duniyar don ɗaukar hoto mafi kyau na sararin samaniya. Godiya ga kulawa ta yau da kullun, Hubble har yanzu yana aiki.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da NASA da kuma fa'idodinsa.