Un Meteotsunami Wani al'amari ne na yanayi wanda ya ƙunshi jerin raƙuman ruwa masu lahani waɗanda ke da lokaci guda da ma'aunin sararin samaniya kamar tsunami na yau da kullun, amma tare da bambance-bambance masu yawa. Yayin da tsunami na yau da kullun ya samo asali ne daga girgizar ƙasa, tsunami na yanayi ba, wato, ba girgizar ƙasa ta ƙasa ke haifar da su ba, ƙaurawar ƙasa ta teku, ko tasirin meteorites a cikin teku.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku menene meteotsunami, menene halayensa da sakamakonsa.
Menene meteotsunami
Meteotsunamis yana faruwa ne ta hanyar saurin sauye-sauye a cikin matsa lamba na yanayi, kamar yanayin sanyi daga tsawa mai tsanani ko layukan squall, wanda an haɗa su da sauri, taro da ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa.
Haɗin waɗannan al'amuran yana haifar da igiyar ruwa da ke da hankali yayin da yake isa ƙasa, amma abin da ya faru a bakin teku ya dogara ne da halayen nahiyoyi. Zurfin bakin ruwa mai zurfi ko kunkuntar tashoshi masu tsayi suna samar da ingantaccen sauti don haka an fi shafa su.
Bambancin da ke tsakanin tsunami na yanayi da kuma guguwar guguwa shi ne cewa suna da wuyar tsinkaya. Waɗannan suna iya ɓacewa samar da matsakaicin raƙuman ruwa ko ambaliya yankunan bakin teku tare da ruwa mai yawa.
A cikin tsibirin Bahar Rum na Spain, ana kiran meteotsunamis rissaga. A babban yankin Spain su ne rissagues, marubbio a Sicily, Abiki a Japan da seebär a Baltic.
Mafi ƙarfi da aka yi rikodin meteotsunamis
Mafi ƙarfi meteotsunami zuwa yau ya faru a Croatia a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1978. Buga bakin tekun Vela Luka a tsibirin Korčula da igiyoyin mita 60. Taguwar ruwa ta zo kuma ta yi tafiya na sa'o'i da yawa, tun daga karfe 5:30 na safe. Ta mamaye tashar jiragen ruwa ta shiga birnin mai tazarar mita 650 daga gabar teku, ta lalata duk wani abu da ke kan hanyarsa. Duk da haka, al'amarin ba kawai na gida ba ne, amma yana rinjayar manyan yankuna a kudu maso tsakiyar Adriatic, tsakanin Croatia da Montenegro, da kuma tsakanin Giulianova da Bari a Italiya.
A shekara ta 2008, wani meteotsunami mai tsayi har zuwa mita 36 ya afka tashar jiragen ruwa na Boothbay, Maine, Amurka. A shekara ta 1929, wani babban tsunami mai girma ya afkawa tafkin Michigan, wanda ya kashe mutane goma daga raƙuman ruwa. A cikin 1979, Abiki ya lalata Nagasaki Bay, kuma a cikin 1984 taguwar ruwa mai tsayi har zuwa mita 4 ta faru a tsibirin Balearic. Sauran meteotsunamis An lura da su a gabar tekun Chicago a cikin 1954, a Pune a 2009, da kuma a cikin Chesapeake Bay da ke gabar gabas na Amurka a cikin 2012.
Rissagas a Turai
Kamar yadda aka yi tsammani, wannan al'amari yana da ban mamaki, kuma ana ƙoƙarin gano musabbabin asalinsa. An san wannan al'amari na dogon lokaci, musamman a Ciutadella. Akwai wasu nassoshi game da rushewar jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Ciutadella a karni na sha biyar. Duk wadannan magudanan ruwa ne suke da girma na ban mamaki kuma suna faruwa cikin kankanin lokaci.
Abin da aka saba shi ne, girman magudanar sararin samaniya idan aka yi la’akari da tekun Bahar Rum yakan kai santimita 20 cikin sa’o’i kadan. Wannan wani abu ne da ido ya kusa ganuwa. Duk da haka, Rissagas ya samar da amplitudes sama da mita 2 a tsayi a cikin mintuna 10 kacal.
Ba a san asalin rissagas ba sai kwanan nan, lokacin da aka san ƙarin game da yanayi da kuma rawar da igiyar ruwa ke takawa. Ana tunanin cewa asalin rissagas na iya zama astronomical. Wannan yana nufin yana da nau'in aiki mai kama da na tides. Ana kuma tunanin cewa yana iya samun asalin girgizar ƙasa. Hakan na iya faruwa ne saboda taguwar ruwa iri-iri da girgizar kasa ta karkashin ruwa ke haifarwa, wadanda suke kara karfi idan sun isa tashar. Koyaya, duk waɗannan zato sun isa su bayyana lamarin. Aƙalla bayanin shi ne cewa wannan al'amari ya kasance mai yawa a cikin wannan gonar lambu ba a cikin wasu gonakin gonaki ba.
Ba a san ainihin dalilin ba sai 1934. bayan nazari da yawa na sauyin yanayi da ba a saba gani ba a matakin teku. Bincike ya nuna cewa dalilin rissagas shine yanayi. Ba zato ba tsammani babban haye-haye a matakin teku yana da alaƙa da wasu jujjuyawar yanayi kwatsam a cikin yanayin yanayi. Ɗauki Ciutadella a cikin tsibirin Balearic, wanda shine sakamakon hulɗar yanayi da teku. Wasu mawallafa sun yi imanin cewa rissaga ka'idar ce da ta taso daga tasirin raƙuman ruwa da aka samar a tsakiyar troposphere. Wadannan raƙuman nauyi suna faruwa ne saboda ƙarar iska tana faruwa ne ta hanyar oscillations a cikin yanayin yanayi a matakin ƙasa.
Yanayin yanayi na meteotsunami
Akwai yanayi iri-iri na yanayi waɗanda galibi suna haɓaka meteotsunami. Manyan yanayin yanayi guda 3 da suka fi dacewa da wannan lamarin sune kamar haka:
- Ya kamata a sami iska mai ƙarfi daga kudu maso yamma a tsakiya da na sama troposphere. Dole ne waɗannan iskoki su buso kafin su yi tasiri a cikin zurfin kwari na Iberian Peninsula.
- Don matakan ruwa ƙasa da mita 1500, dole ne a sami isasshen iska mai inganci wanda ke haifar da jujjuyawar zafin jiki mai ƙarfi tsakanin matakin ruwa da iska sama da saman teku. Iskar saman za ta fi wannan sanyi.
- Ya kamata saman ya kasance yana da rauni zuwa matsakaicin igiyoyin gabas.
Sharadi na ƙarshe, idan an tabbatar da shi kwanan nan. ba lallai ba ne gaba ɗaya don rissagas ya faru. Rissagas daga iska daga kudu ko kudu maso yamma ana iya ganin wani lokaci a saman. Kwararru a fannin nazarin yanayi na Bahar Rum sun kammala cewa waɗannan yanayi mai kyau na iskar gas na faruwa ne a cikin rabin shekara mai zafi. Saboda haka, matsakaicin mitar wannan al'amari yana faruwa tsakanin Afrilu da Oktoba.
Lokuta masu alaƙa
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da dole ne a yi la'akari da su don tsinkaya da kuma kula da rissagas shine yanayin da ke nuna waɗannan yanayi. A ranakun da rissagas ke faruwa, sararin sama yakan lulluɓe da yadudduka masu yawa, manyan gajimare. Kamar kullum, Ba kasafai yake yin gajimare ba, amma sararin sama ana siffanta shi da kifewa da rawaya saboda hazo. Hayaki na fitowa daga kura da aka hura daga nahiyar Afirka. A wasu lokuta, ƴan gajimare da suka tarwatse ba sa nuna gagarumin motsi a tsaye.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene meteotsunami da halayensa.