Lokacin da muke magana game da zurfin lahira a duniyarmu muna magana ne game da batun mafi kusa da tsakiyar duniya. A wannan yanayin, kodayake ba shine mafi kusa ba, amma wuri ne mafi zurfin da aka rubuta kusan zurfin mita 11.000. Muna magana game da Mariana Mahara. Dan Adam ya iya kusan zuwa karshen wadannan kaburburan, amma bai taba isowa gaba daya ba.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Tunawa ta Mariana da sha'awarta.
Wuri a jahannama
A duk duniyarmu akwai abubuwa da yawa da suka bazu cikin duniya. Koyaya, Tudun Mariana ya zama mafi zurfin wuri a doron ƙasa. Anan muna da matsi da yanayi sama da 1000, kawai digiri 4 na zafin jiki da kuma duhu. Kasancewa mai zurfin gaske, hasken rana baya kaiwa nan. Da alama wutar jahannama mafi ban tsoro da zamu iya tunani kuma ana kiranta cibiyar duniyar ko lahira. Kodayake yana cikin mafi zurfin duniya, zamu iya samun rayuwa. Tana da siffar jinjirin wata kuma ana samunta a gabashin Tsibirin Mariana a cikin Philippines.
Ana samun mafi zurfin wuri a duniya a cikin wannan rami, kodayake ba shine mafi kusa da cibiyarta ba saboda rashin daidaiton yanayin mu. Tana da zurfin fiye da mita 11.000 a ƙasa da fuskar duniya. Idan muka sanya Dutsen Everest a ciki, zai ɗauki wasu 'yan mitoci har zuwa kusa da farfajiyar. A wannan gadon ɗan adam yayi bincike da yawa. Na farkonsu shine a 1960. Anan shahararriyar Aguste Piccard, tare da Don Walsh sun kai zurfin mita 10.911. Daga baya, a shekarar 2012, mai shirya fim James Cameron ya sami damar sauka zuwa mita 10.908. Victor Vescovo ne ya kafa tarihin, ya kai zurfin mita 10.928. Tunanin wannan mutumin ya kasance abin takaici. Kuma shi ne cewa ya iya ganin ragowar gurɓataccen mutum har ma a cikin mafi zurfin teku.
A cikin wannan ramin akwai gurɓataccen gurɓataccen filastik, kuma kodayake shi ne mafi zurfin wuri a duniya, kasancewar baƙon yanayi da kusan gefe, gurbatawa ne ba a nan.
Abin da ke zaune a cikin Jirgin Mariana
Tafiya zuwa ƙasan Jirgin Ruwan Mariana kamar tafiya ce zuwa cikin kaɗaici. Kodayake muna da yanci daga gaban mutum a wannan zurfin, ba mu kaɗai muke ba. Kodayake mutane ƙalilan ne ke iya rayuwa da waɗannan mawuyacin yanayin, amma akwai wasu da suke yi. A shekarar 2011 aka gano cewa a ƙasan abyss akwai wasu halittu masu ban tsoro. Wannan yana nufin cewa su rayayyun halittu ne masu kama da sosogin teku da sauran dabbobi a kallon farko.
Don rayuwa a cikin waɗannan mahalli, ana buƙatar wasu sauye-sauye masu saurin canzawa. Kwayoyin halittu ne wadanda aka tsara su a tsarin karya. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna da wasu ƙungiyoyin da aka tsara waɗanda suke da alamun rikitarwa fiye da yadda suke. Suna da ƙwarewa sosai don iya rayuwa a cikin waɗannan mawuyacin yanayin rayuwa. Ta hanyar samun irin wannan karbuwa, sun wuce gona da iri, ya zama mutane masu laulayi kuma ba a samu wani tari guda daya da zai yi nazarin sa a rayuwa ba. A halin yanzu, da alama aiki ne mara yiwuwa a iya nazarin waɗannan dabbobin da rai ta hanyar da ta dace.
Mafi yawan abin da muka sani game da waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna tare da dangin da aka sani da Xenophyophorea. Classangare ne na masu fa'ida, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya, gami da amoebae. Wadannan xenophiophores dabbobi ne da aka miƙa su zuwa gabar tekun a zurfin da ya fi mita dubu shida. A cikin wannan rukunin masu gwagwarmaya mun sami dabbobin da ke da wahalar sarrafawa wanda har yanzu ya zama sirri a fannoni da yawa.
Saboda yawan wadannan dabbobi, masana kimiyyar halittun ruwa suna kokarin yin hasashen irin rawar da wadannan halittu suke takawa. Ana tunanin cewa suna iya samu muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sake zagayowar abubuwan da aka shimfiɗa a ƙasa. Baya ga xenophiophores, mun sami wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin halittu waɗanda ke zaune a cikin tekun. Samfurori na waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da wahalar samu kasancewar da ƙyar suke tsayayya da irin waɗannan canje-canje kwatsam a cikin yanayin muhalli. Samun sauyin yanayin ruwa na wadannan hadadden tsarin halittu yana da wahala a gare su su saba da wasu.
Nau'in ramin Mariana
Idan muka dan zurfafa, mun sami wasu kifaye masu zurfi, daga cikinsu mun sami wasu da kyallen nama. Wannan kyallen yana da matukar sabawa kuma yana rushewa yayin da matsi da zafin jiki ba irin na Mariana Trench ba ne inda suke rayuwa. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan da ke zaune a waɗannan wurare masu zurfin suna sanya wannan wuri ya zama mai kaɗaici duk da kasancewar sa.
Sabanin abin da ke faruwa a cikin sauran zurfafa saka hannun jari a cikin rami na safe, ba a lura da abubuwan ci gaban rayuwa. Tsarin rayuwa ba komai bane face wasu gyare-gyare a cikin filin da aikin dabbobi ya samar. Misali, zamu sami tsarikan halittar da tsutsotsi ko holothurians suka haifar wanda zai iya canza fasalin ƙasa tare da aikin nazarin halittu. Mafi girman dabbobi da ke rayuwa a zurfin kusan mita 8.000 sune amphipods. Su dabbobi ne masu kamannin lalam kuma suna cikin ƙungiyar crustaceans.
Wasu nau'ikan cephalopods kamar squids da ake kira katuwar squids na iya kaiwa wadannan zurfin. Ba a san shi ba tukuna, amma dabbobi ne da suka dace da mummunan yanayi. Da zarar mun kara zurfafawa, mun sami masu cin abincin, ciki har da jellyfish da hydras. Mun kuma sami wasu hakori, makauniyar kifi, da wasu dogayen dogayen kafafu, da wasu kabejin teku masu ban sha'awa.
Tsakanin maganganun da yankin gargaɗi waɗanda suke a zurfin tsakanin mita 4.000 da 6.000 muna da wasu dabbobi da kamannin baƙi. Anan akwai alamun tsoro masu ban tsoro na dabi'ar mu.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Tsananin Mariana da halayenta.