Nazarin yanayin ya ƙunshi babban sarkakiya da babban nauyi. Saboda haka, da Kyautar Nobel ta sauyin yanayi 2021 ga masana kimiyya guda uku waɗanda bincikensu na kimiyyar lissafi da yanayi ya karya sigogi. Wadanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel sune Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, da Giorgio Parisi. Waɗannan masana kimiyya guda uku sun yi nasarar bayyana ɗayan abubuwan da suka fi rikitarwa don fahimta a kimiyya.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Kyautar Nobel ta 2021 don Muhalli da mahimmancin sa.
Kyautar Nobel don Sauyin yanayi 2021
Abun mamaki yana da sarkakiya har an kira shi da tsarin jiki mai rikitarwa. Sunanta da kansa yana nuna wahalar fahimtarsa. Tasirin zai iya kasancewa daga atomic zuwa sikeli na duniya kuma yana shafar duka halayen electrons gama gari ga yanayin duniya duka. Don haka mahimmancinsa.
A ranar Talatar da ta gabata ne Cibiyar Kwalejin ta Sweden ta ba shi gudunmawar da ta bayar wajen bincike da tasirinsa kan dumamar yanayi, sannan ta ba shi shahararren kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Masana kimiyya uku, Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann da Giorgio Parisi, majagaba a cikin binciken tsarin hadaddun da sauran masana kan tasirin yanayi, an sanar da su a matsayin wadanda suka yi nasara a bugun 2021.
Sakataren Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sweden, Göran Hansson, ya ba da labarin, yana mai cewa kyautar da aka ba wa waɗannan masu binciken ita ce saboda gudummawar da suka bayar wajen fahimtarmu game da hadadden tsarin jiki. Kyautar, gami da lambar yabo ta likitanci, sinadarai da adabin da aka sanar a wannan makon, za a gabatar da su a wani bikin bayar da kyaututtuka a Stockholm ranar 8 ga Disamba.
A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Yaren mutanen Sweden, ɗan Italiyan mai shekaru 73 Giorgio Parisi ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman don gano "ɓoyayyun alamu a cikin ɓarna da abubuwa masu rikitarwa." Bincikensa yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman gudummawa ga ka'idar hadaddun tsarin.
Syukuro Manabe daga Japan da Klaus Hasselmann daga Jamus sun lashe kyaututtuka saboda gudummawar da suka bayar na "muhimman abubuwa" ga ƙirar yanayi. Manabe, mai shekaru 90, ya nuna yadda karuwar sinadarin carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi ke sa zafin zafin saman Duniya ya tashi. Wannan aikin ya aza harsashin ci gaban samfuran yanayi na yanzu. Haka kuma, Klauss Hasselmann, mai shekaru 89, ya fara aikin kirkirar samfurin da ke danganta yanayin yanayi da yanayi.
Hadaddun tsarin
Cikakkun tsare -tsare a kan ma'aunin atomic da ma'aunin taurari na iya raba wasu halaye, kamar hargitsi da rikice -rikice, kuma da alama hali ya mamaye kwatsam.
Parisi ya ba da gudummawarsa ta farko ga bincikensa a kimiyyar lissafi ta hanyar nazarin wani ƙarfe na ƙarfe da ake kira gilashi.ko juyawa, wanda a cikinsa ake haɗa ƙwayoyin ƙarfe a cikin bututun ƙarfe na tagulla. Kodayake akwai atan ƙaramin ƙarfe kaɗan, suna canza halayen magnetic na kayan ta hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa da damuwa.
Parisi mai shekaru 73 ya gano cewa ɓoyayyun ƙa'idodi suna shafar dabi'ar bazuwar kayan aiki mai ƙarfi kuma ya sami hanyar kwatanta su ta lissafi. Aikin sa ya shafi ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ne kawai, har ma da fannoni daban -daban kamar lissafi, ilmin halitta, neuroscience, da koyon injin (hankali na wucin gadi).
Kwamitin ya bayyana cewa binciken masanin "Yi wa mutane damar fahimta da bayyana abubuwa da yawa daban -daban kuma a bayyane bazuwar kayan aiki da abubuwan mamaki". Cibiyar Nazarin Yaren mutanen Sweden a yanzu tana kallon gilashin juyawa a matsayin kwatankwacin halayen hadaddun yanayin yanayin duniya da bincike da Manab da Hasselmann suka gudanar shekaru bayan haka. Kuma yana da wuya a hango yanayin ɗorewar tsarin tsarin jiki mai rikitarwa, kamar yanayin duniyarmu.
Manabe, wanda ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Princeton a Amurka, ya jagoranci haɓaka samfuran yanayi na zahiri a cikin 1960s, wanda ya kai ga ƙarshe cewa iskar carbon dioxide tana dumama duniya. Sakamakon rashin daidaituwa, ana ɗaukar yanayin duniyarmu a matsayin tsarin jiki mai rikitarwa. Haka kuma, Hasselman ya yi amfani da bincikensa don amsa tambayar dalilin da yasa samfuran yanayi za su iya zama abin dogaro, duk da cewa yanayin yana canzawa kuma yana cikin rudani.
Waɗannan samfuran kwamfuta waɗanda za su iya yin hasashen yadda Duniya za ta amsa ga gurɓataccen iskar gas suna da mahimmanci ga fahimtarmu game da ɗumamar yanayi.
Kamar yadda Farfesa Jami’ar Yale Farfesa John Wettlaufer ya yi bayani, masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Italiya yana ‘ginawa daga rudani da hauhawar tsarukan tsarukan a matakin ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa’, kuma aikin Syukuro Manabe ya yi nuni zuwa gasami abubuwan haɗin tsari guda ɗaya ”. Kuma ku haɗa su don yin hasashen halayen tsarin jiki mai rikitarwa. ”“ Ko da yake suna rarraba kyaututtuka tsakanin ɓangaren yanayi da ɓangaren ɓarna, a zahiri suna da alaƙa, ”in ji shi.
Muhimmancin lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 2021 ga yanayi
Ofaya daga cikin yanke shawara da shawarar ta bar, musamman a zaɓukan Manabe da Hasselman, shine jawo hankalin mutane akan matsalolin yanayi.
A cewar Wettlaufer, ta hanyar kyautar, Kwamitin Nobel ya ba da shawarar "duality tsakanin nazarin yanayin ƙasa (daga milimita zuwa girman ƙasa) da aikin Giorgio Parisi." Dokta Martin Juckes, shugaban bincike a kimiyyar yanayi Mutumin kuma mataimakin darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanan Muhalli ta Burtaniya (CEDA) ya ce ganin ganin masana kimiyya sun lashe kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi don aikinsu kan yanayi “labari ne mai dadi”.
"Rikicin tsarin yanayi, haɗe da barazanar rikicin yanayi, na ci gaba da ƙalubalantar masana kimiyyar yanayi a yau," ya ce.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, rikicin canjin yanayi da muke fuskanta a cikin wannan karnin yana sa masana kimiyya su kasance cikin buɗaɗɗen yanayi ko kuma su sami mafita mai yuwuwa. Canjin yanayi yana barazanar canza duniyar da muka sani kuma yawancin tsarin tattalin arzikin mu suna buƙatar kwanciyar hankali da muke da shi a yanayin yau.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da mahimmancin lambar yabo ta Nobel don yanayin 2021 da menene halayensa.