El Kogin Nilu Kogi ne na duniya, tsawonsa ya fi kilomita 6000, wanda ya ratsa ƙasashe goma na nahiyar Afirka. Kodayake an daɗe ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin kogi mafi tsawo a duniya, a halin yanzu yana matsayi na biyu, wanda Amazon ya zarce bayan sake fasalta asalinsa. A koyaushe ya kasance muhimmin tushen rayuwa ga mazaunan kwarinsa, yana ba da wadataccen haihuwa da hidimar ci gaban tsohuwar wayewar Masar. Hakanan yana da tasiri kan tattalin arziki, al'adu, yawon shakatawa da rayuwar yau da kullun na nahiyar Afirka.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da duk halaye, flora, fauna da mahimmancin Kogin Nilu.
Babban fasali
Kogin Nilu shi ne kogi na biyu mafi tsawo a duniya, wanda tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 6.853. Hanyar arewa zuwa kudu ta ratsa kasashen Afirka 10. Tana da kwarin kusan murabba'in kilomita miliyan 3,4, wanda ke mamaye kusan kashi 10% na yankin Afirka. Matsakaicin faɗinsa shine kilomita 2,8. Tun da mafi yawan yankin da Kogin Nilu ke gudana ta bushe da ruwan sama kadan. Wannan kogin ya zama kogi mai ban mamaki. Wannan yana nufin cewa kwararar ruwan ta samo asali ne daga ruwa inda yanayin ya dace da ruwan sama.
Tsarin koginsa ya ƙunshi koguna biyu, Kogin White Nile yana wakiltar kashi 80% daga cikinsu kuma Kogin Nilu yana wakiltar kashi 20% na lokacin damina. Kogin Nilu yana ɗaya daga cikin kwarurukan kogin da ke da ɗimbin yawa a duniya, kuma mazauna wannan yanki na iya yin noma.
Akwai kabilu da yawa da ke zaune a bakin ta a cikin tarihi, kamar siruk, nuer da suffi. Saboda bangaskiyarsu daban -daban (Musulmai, Kiristocin Orthodox, Yahudawa, al'adun Coptic, da sauran addinai), sun rayu lokacin zaman lafiya da yaƙi.
Kogin Nilu yana karkacewa, yana taƙaitawa a wasu yankuna kuma yana faɗaɗa a wasu. Kuna iya haɗu da faɗuwar ruwa a hanya, kodayake yana iya tafiya cikin sassa daban -daban, yana da wahalar tafiya saboda rashin saurin sa a wasu sassan.
Sai dai launin siliki da ake iya gani a hanyar White Nile, Kogin Nilu gaba ɗaya shuɗi ne, sabanin launin rawaya na hamada da koren dabino. Kogin ya kafa ƙananan tsibirai, wasu daga cikinsu abubuwan jan hankali ne na yawon buɗe ido.
Barazana da tushen Kogin Nilu
Babban abin da ke barazana ga kogi na biyu mafi tsawo a duniya shi ne gurbata muhallin da yake fama da shi, domin duk da ƙoƙarin kafa dokoki don takaita fitar da shara a cikin ruwanta, masana’antu da otal -otal na ci gaba da fuskantar irin wannan sakaci.
Hakanan, ƙara ƙazantawa daga Kogin Nilu yana hanzarta wannan tsarin gurɓataccen iska, ba kawai yana cutar da mutanen da ke dogaro da ruwanta don tsira, amma kuma yana yin illa ga ilmin halittu da ke zaune a Kogin Nilu da kewayenta.
Haihuwarsa koyaushe lamari ne mai rikitarwa, saboda duk da cewa wasu masu bincike, kamar Burkhart Waldecker daga Jamus, sun yi iƙirarin cewa an haifi Kogin Nilu a cikin Kogin Kagera, wasu sun yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga Tafkin Victoria. A cikin karni na XNUMX AD, an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali daga Glacier na Rovenzori.
Kogin Nilu
Babu wata ijma'i akan tushen Kogin Nilu, domin duk da cewa tafkin Victoria yana da girma, wasu koguna ne ke kawo shi kamar Kogin Kagera da ke yammacin Tanzania. Hakanan, wannan kuma ana samar da shi daga tushen sa, Kogin Rukarara (Rukarara), wanda aka canza masa suna yayin da yake kwarara zuwa cikin Kagera.
Wata hanyar kogin Nilu da ke nesa da ita ita ce Kogin Luvyironza, wanda ke kwarara cikin Kogin Ruvubu kuma ya haɗu da Kogin Kagera, sannan ya gangara zuwa Tafkin Victoria. Wannan ita ce mafi tsufa sananne kuma har yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin kudancin Kogin Nilu. A wannan lokacin an fara sashin tsakiyar kogin Nilu ko kuma tsakiyar kogin Nilu.Tofar tana tafiya daga Khartoum zuwa Aswan, tare da jimlar tsawon kusan kilomita 1.800.
A ƙarshe, Kogin Nilu yana kwarara zuwa cikin Bahar Rum ta hanyoyin da ke ƙarƙashinsa, ya zama Kogin Nilu na Delta, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Yanki ne mai fa'ida da haɓakar arewacin Masar, wanda a da ake kira Lower Egypt, tare da yawan jama'a kuma ya dace da ci gaban aikin gona. Kuna iya ganin taswirar bakin Kogin Nilu a ƙasa.
Kogin Nilu yawanci yana da alaƙa da Masar da biranenta, amma yana ratsa ƙasashe 10 na Afirka gaba ɗaya: Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Habasha, da Masar kanta.
Flora da fauna
Kodayake yanayin kogin Nilu yana da nisan mil kaɗan daga hamada, ruwan ruwan sa yana ba da damar ciyawar da ke kusa ta yadu, ba kawai ana amfani da ita don ayyukan noma ba, har ma babban jigonsa shine tsire -tsire na papyrus, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka yi amfani dashi kafin gano takarda.
Bugu da ƙari, yankin ya shahara saboda yawan ciyawa da nau'in tsirrai masu tsayi kamar su reda da bamboo. Ire -iren bishiyoyin da ake samu a hanya sun haɗa da Hasab spiny, ebony, da acacia prairie, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsayin mita 14.
Kogin Nilu ya bambanta halittu masu rai kuma ya dace da yanayin rayuwa mai zafi. Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗa da giwaye, giwaye, raƙuman ruwa, okapi, buffalo, da damisa.
Dabbobi irin su herons mai launin toka, dwarf gulls, manyan cormorants da cokali na kowa an samo su a cikin gandun kaji. Daga cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, ƙugiyar saka idanu ta Nile, na biyu mafi girma da kogin Nilu a duniya, kuma kunkuru na goro ya shahara musamman. Kogin Nilu yana da kusan nau'ikan kifaye 129, 26 daga cikinsu ba su da yawa, wanda ke nufin cewa waɗannan kifayen ne kawai ke zama.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da Kogin Nilu da halayensa.