El Iberian tsarin Yana daya daga cikin manyan tsarin tsaunuka a Spain. An located a tsakiyar yankin na Iberian Peninsula, amma a cikin Valencian Community zuwa gabas, kai kusan zuwa Bahar Rum bakin tekun, wani fili da kuma hadaddun yankin na tsaunuka. Daga ra'ayi na ruwa, wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci a cikin Iberian Peninsula, yayin da yake raba raƙuman ruwa na mafi yawan manyan koguna a Spain da Portugal.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da duk halaye da mahimmancin Tsarin Iberian.
Babban fasali
Ƙarshen yammacin Iberian System yana da iyaka da Tsakiyar Filato, wanda ya raba shi da kwarin Ebro da Tekun Bahar Rum. Tsarin yana sama da kilomita 500 zuwa arewa maso yamma-kudu maso gabas tsakanin kwarin Ebro da tsakiyar fili na Meseta, daga La Breba corridor a lardin Burgos, kusa da tsaunin Cantabrian, zuwa Bahar Rum kusa da Valencia, a kudu da gabas Tortosa da Ebro Delta. Yawancin tsarin Iberian yana cikin kudancin rabin Aragon. Tsarin Prebético ya tashi zuwa kudu na matsananciyar kudu na tsarin Iberian.
Tsarin ƙasa na tsarin Iberian yana da rikitarwa saboda yana da wahala a ayyana shi azaman tsarin kamanni. An kafa ta da jerin tsaunukan da ba na ka'ida ba kuma masu ban sha'awa, ɗumbin ɗumbin yawa, faranti da ɓacin rai ba tare da bayyananniyar abubuwan da ke tattare da man petur ba. Wasu sassan tsarin sun keɓanta ta hanyar ilimin ƙasa, suna katse ci gaban gaba ɗaya, haɗawa da wasu sassa ta hanyar tudu na tsayi daban-daban.
Manyan yankuna na Iberian Cordillera sun lalace sosai tun karni na XNUMX. Akwai garuruwan fatalwa da yawa ko garuruwan da aka yi watsi da su a warwatse a sassa daban-daban na tsarin Iberian, musamman a lardin Teruel. A yau, babban adadin garuruwan da suka tsira suna da sauran jama'a ne kawai. A wasu lokuta, mazauna da yawa ba ƴan ƙasa ba ne, amma baƙi daga Romania an ɗauke su aiki a matsayin leburori a ayyukan noma.
Ficewar da aka yi daga yankunan karkarar Spain ya karu bayan shirin tabbatar da zaman lafiyar Janar Franco a shekara ta 1959. Yawan jama'a ya ragu matuka kuma mutane sun koma yankunan masana'antu a manyan birane da garuruwan bakin teku inda yawon shakatawa ya karu. Sauran dalilan da suka sa yawan hijirar su ne watsi da ayyukan noma na gargajiya da matasan yankin suka yi, kamar noman tumaki da akuya, wadanda su ne kashin bayan tattalin arzikin kauye, da sauyin salon rayuwa da ya bazu a cikin karkarar Spain a karni na biyu.
fauna
Rage yawan jama'a yana son fauna, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka sami ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Turai na ƙarshe na griffin condors a cikin tsarin Iberian. Wolves da gaggafa suma sun fi yawa a cikin tsaunukan da ba kowa. Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, akuyar dutse, da barewa, boren daji, bajar Turawa, kwayoyin halitta, da dai sauransu, suna da wurin zama da yawa a cikin wadannan tsaunukan da suka lalace.
Mafi yawan dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin tsarin Iberian sune Lepidoptera, Psammodromus algirus, Psammodromus hispanicus, Podarcis Muralis da Podarcis hispánica, Chalcides chalcides, Chalcides bedriagai da Anguis fragilis ba su da yawa. Macizai na waɗannan tsaunuka sune Natrix maura, Natrix natrix, Malpolon monspessulanus, Elaphe scalaris, Coronella girondica, Coronella austriaca da Vipera latastei.
Wasu amphibians suna da yawa a kusa da tafkuna da koguna a cikin tsarin, irin su Rana perezi, Bufo bufo, Bufo calamita, Alytes obstetricians, Triturus marmoratus da Lissotriton helveticus, na karshen kuma a tsayin tsayi, a cikin tsaka-tsakin ruwa ko dindindin. Wasu kuma ba su da yawa, irin su Hyla arborea da Salamandra salamandra, amma har yanzu suna yaduwa, musamman a yankunan dazuzzukan dajin. Koyaya, Pleurodeles waltl ba a cika samunsa a cikin tsaunuka ba. Invertebrates na ruwa, ciki har da Austropotamobius pallipes, crayfish, da wasu kifaye irin su Salaria fluviatilis da Cobitis paludica, sun zama ruwan dare a saman kogin Sistema Ibérico. An sake dasa wasu kogunan tsaunuka don kifi.
A cikin bushewar wasu ƙauyuka a cikin tsarin, ayyukan dabbobin gargajiya waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a tsakiyar yankin Iberian har yanzu suna rayuwa. Haka kuma akwai wasu mafarauta da suka ziyarci wasu tudun mun tsira, musamman na kusa da birnin, musamman a karshen mako.
Tsire-tsire na Tsarin Iberian
Ruwan ruwa yana da wuya a yankin Iberian Peninsula, amma babban tudu yana samuwa a cikin ƴan yankuna na tsarin Iberian inda ruwa ya ragu, kamar Bronzales, kusa da Orihuela del Tremedal kuma aka sani da Pko yankin Fuente del Hierro, tsayin daka yana tsakanin mita 1.400 zuwa 1.550. Tsire-tsire da ke tsirowa a cikin waɗannan ɓangarorin sune gansakuka masu gashi, Erectus vulgaris, Pinguicula vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Calluna vulgaris, da Drosera rotundifolia, tsiro mai cin nama da ba ta girma a kudu maso yammacin Turai.
Cordilleras na tsarin Iberian
Tsarin Iberian ya haɗa da jeri na tsaunuka da yawa:
- Ga Arewa: Sierra de la Demanda, Saliyo de Neila, Mesa de Cebollera da Picos de Urbión, zuwa arewa maso yamma, Sierra de Alcarama, Sierra de Peñalmonte, Sierra de Moncalvillo da Moncayo, keɓe a arewa, ko da yaushe suna da kololuwar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, La Sierra Nava Alta tare da tsawo zuwa gabas.
- Yamma: Ƙananan tsaunuka da bushewa kusa da yankin miƙa mulki na tsarin tsakiya, irin su Sierra de Perdices, Saliyo Ministra, Sierra de Caldereros (Águila 1.443 m), Sierra de Pardos, Sierra de Miñana, Sierra de Solorio, Sierra de Selas (Aragoncillo 1.517 m). ) da Parameras de Molina (High Landmark 1.408 m).
- tsakiya: Duwatsu da yawa a tsakiyar tsarin, irin su Saliyo de la Virgen, Saliyo de Vicort, Saliyo de Algairén, Saliyo de Santa Cruz, Sierra de Cucalón, Sierra de Herrera, Sierra de San Just, Saliyo de Lidón da Saliyo Palomé Pull. da dai sauransu.
- Kudu maso yamma: Serranía de Cuenca, Saliyo Menera, Saliyo de Albarracín, Montes de Picaza (Colmenarejo 1426 m), Montes Universales da kuma Saliyo de Mira.
- Kudu maso gabas: Sierra de Javalambre, Sierra del Toro, Sierra de Gúdar, Sierra de Mayabona, Sierra de Camarena, Sierra de Sollavientos, Sierra del Rayo da kuma Sierra de Pina.
- Gabas: saitin tsaunuka da suka shiga Tekun Bahar Rum, daga cikinsu akwai Maestrat ko Maestrazgo da Penyagolosa massifs, Sierra de la Lastra, Sierra de los Caballos, Sierra de Garrocha, Sierra de la Canada, Sierra Carrascosa, Ports de Morella , Serra de la Creu Serra d'En Segures, Serra d'en Galceran, Serra d'Esparreguera, Serra de Vallivana, Serra d'En Celler, Serra del Turmell, Serra de l'Espadella da Moles de Xert, da Talaies d' Alcalà, da Serra. de la Vall d'Àngel, da Saliyo de Cervera, da Serra de Sant Pere, da Serra Calderona da tsaunin Serra d'Espadà a gabas karshen.
- Arewa maso gabas: wani yanki mai cike da tsaunuka mai sarkakiya da ke da nasaba da tsaffin tsaunukan gabar tekun Catalan, gami da tsaunukan Tortosa-Bercet da Benifasa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da Tsarin Iberian da halayensa.