El Dutsen denali An san shi da Dutsen McKinley shekaru da yawa, amma sunansa na hukuma, wanda gwamnatin Amurka ta gane, shine Denali, wanda mutanen Athabasca na gida suka ba shi tuntuni. Babu shakka shi ne kololuwar kololuwa a Arewacin Amurka kuma dutse daya tilo a nahiyar da ke da tsayin sama da mita 6.000. Shi ne kuma na uku mafi shaharar dutse kuma na uku mafi keɓance dutse bayan Aconcagua da Everest. Wata rana a shekara ta 1794, ma’aikacin jirgin George Vancouver ya gan ta a karon farko daga Cook’s Bay, amma sai a shekara ta 1901 ya yi ƙoƙari ya hau ta.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Dutsen Denali, halaye da mahimmancinsa.
Babban fasali
Denali ko McKinley wani yanki ne na Alaska Range, wani ɓangare na Ring of Fire na Pacific. Yana musamman kusa da tsakiyar Denali National Park da Preserve, kusa da kudu ta tsakiya Alaska da kuma gefen Denali Fault. Ya ƙunshi babban faɗuwar granite mai tsayi kuma yana da manyan kololuwa guda biyu waɗanda a koyaushe a rufe su da dusar ƙanƙara:
- Arewa Peak. Wani lokaci ana ɗaukarsa kololuwa ɗaya.
- Kudu Peak. Shi ne mafi tsayi a cikin su biyun.
Dusar ƙanƙara ce ta lulluɓe dukan ɓangaren dutsen da manyan kankara masu yawa. Dusar ƙanƙara tana ciyar da glaciers 5 akan gangaren: Muldrow Glacier, Ruth Glacier, Kahiltna Glacier, Peters Glacier da Traleika Glacier.
Dutsen ya fi mita 6.190 sama da matakin teku. Yayin da yanayin zafi a kan gangara ke ba da damar jinsuna da yawa don bunƙasa, yanayin zafi a kan tudu yana da girma. A cikin hunturu suna iya isa -70,5ºC. Iska na iya zama mai ƙarfi; Guguwar da ta kai kilomita 241 a cikin sa'o'i an yi ta a yayin guguwar.
Samuwar Dutsen Denali
Kimanin shekaru miliyan 60-65 da suka wuce. A lokacin babban aikin yanayin ƙasa wanda ke da yawan motsin faranti na tectonic na duniya, Dutsen Denali ya fara samuwa. Su kuma tsaunuka, sakamakon fashewa ne a cikin ɓawon ƙasa - Denali Fault. Yayin da faranti ke motsawa, farantin Pasifik yana kusa da farantin Arewacin Amurka har ya nutse saboda bambance-bambancen matsi, zazzabi, da sauran abubuwan da ke tsakanin su biyun.
A wasu kalmomi, Dutsen Denali ya kasance sakamakon raguwar farantin Pacific a ƙarƙashin farantin Arewacin Amirka, kuma a lokacin aikin ƙaddamarwa, saman Alaska ya fara lanƙwasa da ninkewa, yana haifar da abubuwa masu yawa waɗanda suka haifar da tsaunukan Alaska.
A cewar Ma'aikatar Kula da Dajin Amurka (NPS), Dutsen Denali an "haife shi" kimanin shekaru miliyan 56 da suka wuce lokacin da narkakkar magma ta yi taurare a kasa ɓawon ƙasa; duk da haka, duk da shigar magma a cikin samuwarsa, ba dutsen mai aman wuta ba ne. Sama da miliyoyin shekaru, dutsen ya tashi saboda matsin lamba tsakanin faranti na tectonic, amma kuma samansa ya zube. Dutsen yana ci gaba da girma a kusan 1 mm a kowace shekara.
Flora da fauna na Dutsen Denali
Dutsen Denali gida ne ga aƙalla nau'ikan tsire-tsire na furanni 650 da nau'ikan ferns, fungi, algae da lichens. Ko da yake ana iya ganin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka, tundra, glacial koguna, har ma da filayen ambaliya a kan gangara da kwaruruka, ƙananan yanayin zafi da tsayi suna hana wani abu sai ciyayi na itace da ƙananan tsiro daga girma a yankuna na sama. Wurin yana da farin spruce (Picea glauca) da dazuzzukan Birch (Betula papyrifera) kuma yana da yanayi na subarctic.
Dabbobin daji a yankin sun hada da kusan nau'in tsuntsaye 167, nau'in kifaye 10, nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa 39, da kuma 1 amphibian.. Wasu daga cikin mazauna wurin shakatawa ne ja foxes (Vulpes vulpes), jajayen squirres (Sciurus vulgaris), black bears ( Ursus americanus ), launin ruwan kasa ( Ursus arctos ), coyotes ( Canis latrans ), wolverines (Gulo gulo), marmots ( Marmota monax ) ), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), launin toka jay da capercaillie (Lagopus lagopus).
Yin yawo
Ganin Dutsen McKinley daga garin Talkeetna yana da ban sha'awa da gaske a cikin girmansa kuma kusan keɓantacce. Yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare dubu shida kawai a cikin duniya wanda ke sama da 43º arewacin equator, Sauran suna tsakanin 43º arewa da 32º kudu latitude.
Lokacin da ya dace don fuskantar ƙalubalen hawan Massif na McKinley yana iyakance ne ga ɗan gajeren lokaci tsakanin farkon Mayu zuwa ƙarshen Yuni, tunda a wannan lokacin ne yanayin yanayi ya fi dacewa kuma lokacin sanyi ya yi ƙasa sosai saboda yanayin zafi mai zafi. kuma yawanci manyan kankara a lokacin rani.
Bisa ga wasu ma'auni na barometric, matsa lamba na yanayi a saman Dutsen McKinley yana kusa da sassa 7 a kowace dubu. kusancinsa da Da'irar Arctic da tsayin daka mai yawa ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin tsaunuka mafi sanyi a Duniya. Kololuwar Denali sun kusan tsayin mita 2000 (fitaccen) fiye da kololuwar kewaye, don haka blizzards da blizzards na iya zama mai tsanani a cikin mummunan yanayi.
Wasu tarihin
Ko da yake mazauna wurin sun riga sun san shi, sun kira shi Denali, amma a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, farar fata na farko da suka ga dutsen mai ban mamaki, masu binciken gwal. Suna mamakin silhouette mai ban sha'awa, ba da daɗewa ba suka shirya balaguro zuwa taron.
Bayan yunƙuri biyu na kaiwa saman, Dr. Frederick A. Cook yanke shawarar yin ƙoƙari na ƙarshe a watan Agusta 1906, tare da mataimaki na gida kawai.
Bayan ya dawo, sai ya tabbatar ya kai kololuwa, inda ya samu yabo sosai daga masu hawan dutse. Bayan buga littafin Reaching the Top of the Continent, wanda ya ba da labarin abin da ya faru, ciki har da hotunan taron kolin, da dama daga cikin masu binciken da suka raka shi a yunkurinsa na farko sun ce sun san ainihin inda aka dauki hotunan. Wannan ya sa suka shirya wani balaguro a 1910 don karyata iƙirarin likitan.
Bi hanyar da ya bayyana, sun kai ga abin da suka yi imani shi ne ƙarshen ainihin labarin kuma sun ɗauki hotuna iri ɗaya da Cook ya buga. Sun kasance kusan kilomita 30 daga saman dutsen. Ana cikin haka ne wasu gungun masu hawan dutse da suka yi tattaki daga kudu zuwa babban koli suka dawo da tabbacin sun iso, kuma don tabbatar da hakan, sun bar wata igiya mai tsawon mita 4 inda suka daga tuta.
A cikin 1912, Brown da Parker, tare da taimakon mutum na uku Merle LeVoy, sun shirya wani balaguro kan Doctor don sake gwadawa. Bayan hawan dutse mai tsanani da yanayin yanayi mara kyau, sun yanke shawarar komawa sansanin sansanin lokacin da suka kusa kai saman. Daga cikin masifu da dama da suka fuskanta a kan hanyar, ya kamata a lura da cewa da zarar sun sauko daga dutsen sai suka ji wata girgizar kasa mafi girma da aka sani, wadda ke tare da fashewar dutsen Katmai. Duk manyan kololuwar kankara dole su hau, An mayar da su tubalan ƙanƙara da aka warwatse a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Dutsen Denali da halayensa.