El Dutsen washington, kololuwar kololuwa a arewa maso gabashin Amurka, mai tsayin mita 1.917 sama da matakin teku, shi ne tsaunin da ya fi fice a gabashin kogin Mississippi. An san shi da lokacinsa mai hatsarin gaske. Tsawon shekaru 76, har zuwa 2010, a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1934, da yammacin ranar 372 ga Afrilu, 103, Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta gudanar da rikodin iskar mafi girma da aka auna kai tsaye a saman duniya, XNUMX km / h ko XNUMX m / s. Kafin zuwan mazauna Turai, an san dutsen da sunan Agiocochook, ko "Gidan Ruhu Mai Girma."
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Dutsen Washington, halayensa da asalinsa.
Tarihin Dutsen Washington
Dutsen yana cikin Range na Shugaban Kasa a cikin White Mountains, Sargent Procurement Township, Coos County, New Hampshire. Yayin da kusan dukkan tsaunin ke cikin dajin White Mountains National Forest, yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 0,24 da ke kewaye da wurin shakatawa na Dutsen Washington, gami da taron kolin.
Bature na farko da ya ambaci dutsen shine Giovanni de Verrazano. shekara ta 1524. ya gan ta daga Tekun Atlantika, yana kwatanta abin da ya gani a matsayin "dutse mai tsayi a cikin kasa". Abenakis da ke zaune a yankin a lokacin hulɗar Turai sun yi imanin cewa taron shine mazaunin alloli don haka, a cikin wasu abubuwa, ba su hau kolin ba saboda girmama addini ga alloli ... Darbyfield ya yi iƙirarin hawan Dutsen farko. Washington a 1642.
Filin ya yi girman dutsen a watan Yuni na waccan shekarar, yana nuna wa Cif Abenaki Pasakonaway cewa ba a ɗaure Turawa da alloli da aka yi imani da cewa suna zaune a saman dutsen. , wani muhimmin yunƙuri na siyasa don haɓaka faɗaɗa mazauna arewa. Oktoba 1642. Filin ya sake daidaita saman Agiocochook a lokacin daya daga cikin balaguron leken asiri na farko da ya zayyana filaye mai nisa har zuwa Maine, yana taimaka wa wata tawaga daga yankin Massachusetts na neman mamaye yankunan bakin teku masu noma.
A cikin 1784, wata ƙungiyar ƙasa karkashin jagorancin Manasseh Cutler mai suna dutsen. Hanyar Crawford ita ce hanya mafi tsufa a cikin Amurka, wanda aka shimfida a cikin 1819 azaman hanyar doki daga Crawford Notch zuwa saman kuma a halin yanzu ana amfani. Ethan Alan Crawford ya gina gida a saman tudu a 1821 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1826, shekarar hadari.
hawan tarihi
Shi kansa taron kolin bai yi kadan ba har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 1852, lokacin da ya zama daya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na farko na Amurka, tare da karin hanyoyin dawakai da otal biyu da ake ginawa. An bude shi a cikin XNUMX, Summit House shine wani otel dutse mai tsayin mita 20 tare da rufin da aka tsare da manyan sarkoki guda hudu. A 1853, an gina "gidan allura" don gasar. An sake gina shi da itace a cikin 1872-1873, Gidan Summit yana da dakuna 91, ya ƙone a 1908 kuma an maye gurbinsa da granite a 1915.
Shekaru arba'in, Henry M. Burt ya buga wata jarida ta wucin gadi mai suna Daga cikin Clouds kowane lokacin rani a kan taron har zuwa 1917. An rarraba kofe ga otal-otal da ke kewaye da sauran shagunan ta hanyar rack da mai horar da 'yan wasa.
A cikin Nuwamba 2010, an bayyana cewa Orlando, Florida na tushen CNL Financial, wanda ya mallaki Otal ɗin Dutsen Washington a gindin dutsen, ya nemi alamar kasuwanci a hukumance a ƙarƙashin sunan "Mount Washington". Jami’an CNL sun ce suna kai hari ga wasu otal-otal da ke amfani da sunan dutsen, ba yawancin kasuwancin da ke yankin da ke amfani da sunan ba. CNL ta shigar da aikace-aikace tare da USPTO suna neman yin rijistar alamar kasuwanci ta "Mount Washington" don kowane sabis na siyarwa, kowane sabis na gidan abinci, da kowane sabis na nishaɗi.
Halayen yanki
Duk da cewa gangaren yammacin da layin dogo ke hawa shi ne madaidaiciyar layi daga kasan dutsen zuwa sama, wani gefen dutsen ya fi rikitarwa. A arewa, Great Bay, babban dutsen ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙara, ya kafa filin wasan amphitheater wanda tsaunin Shugaban ƙasa suka kewaye zuwa arewa: Clay, Jefferson, Adams, da Madison Mountains. Waɗannan kololuwar haɗe-haɗe sun shimfiɗa da kyau zuwa cikin ƙasa mai tsayi mara bishiya. Babban Chandler Ridge ya shimfiɗa arewa maso gabas daga Dutsen Washington don samar da bangon kudu na amphitheater kuma babbar hanya ce ta tudu.
A gabashin taron kolin, wani tudu da aka fi sani da Alpine Gardens ya shimfiɗa kudu daga Chandler Ridge kimanin ƙafa 5,000 zuwa kudu. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa duka biyu endemic shuka nau'in na mai tsayi makiyaya na White Mountains da atypical shuka nau'in na matsananci arewacin Arctic. Lambunan Alpine suna faɗuwa sosai cikin fitattun ramukan glacial guda biyu. Rugged Huntington Canyon yana ba da hawan dutse da kankara a cikin wani wuri mai tsayi. Ƙarin zagaye, Tuckerman Ravine shine ikon farko na New England don tseren gudun hijira daga bazara zuwa Yuni, sannan kuma hanyoyin tafiye-tafiye na ban mamaki. Yana da kusan mita 500 sama da layin bishiyar tsaunuka.
Kudancin taron shine tudun tsaunuka na biyu mafi girma, Bigelow Lawn, tsakanin 1.500m zuwa 1.700m sama da matakin teku. Kololuwar tauraron dan adam na Boott Spur, sannan Montalban Ridge, wanda ya hada da Dutsen Isolation da Dutsen Davis, ya mika zuwa kudu, yayin da manyan tsaunukan shugaban kasa (Mount Monroe, Dutsen Franklin, Dutsen Eisenhower, Dutsen Pierce, Jackson da Webster) suka shimfida kudu maso yamma. zuwa Crawford Canyon da Oaks Bay sun raba manyan tudu biyu.
Hiking Dutsen Washington
Mafi shaharar tafiya zuwa taron shine ta hanyar Tuckerman Canyon Trail mai tsawon kilomita 6,6. Ya fara a Pinkham Notch Campground kuma ya kai ƙafa 4,000, yana kaiwa kai tsaye zuwa saman Tuckerman Canyon Bowl ta hanyar jerin tsaunuka masu tsayi waɗanda ke ba da ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa na kogin da kuma ta cikin kogin zuwa Dutsen Wildcat. Hatsarin ski da hypothermia sun kasance m a kan hanya. Ana iya cika kwalaben ruwa a kasan rijiyar famfo mai tazarar kilomita 3,4 daga hanyar. kusa da wani ƙaramin shago mai tuƙi yana ba da kayan ciye-ciye, ayyuka, da matsuguni.
A saman akwai cibiyar da ke da gidan kayan gargajiya, kantin kyauta, gazebo, da cafe. Akwai sabis ɗin bas (rani) komawa zuwa Pinkham Notch Campground akan farashi. Sauran hanyoyin da ke hawa gefen dutsen sun haɗa da Shugaban Lion, Boot Spur, Huntington Ravine, da Nelson Crag, da Babban Titin Tekun Fasha da ke hawan daga arewa maso gabas. Hanyoyin Tudun Yamma sun haɗa da Ammonoosuc Ravine da Jewell Trails da Crawford Trail da Gulfside Trail (wanda ya yi daidai da Kudu maso Yamma da Arewa Appalachian Trails, bi da bi).
Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin hawan Dutsen Washington a lokacin rani da hawan Dutsen Washington a lokacin hunturu. Tabbas, yanayi da yanayin ƙasa sun bambanta sosai, amma kuma akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a matakin sabis ɗin da ke akwai ga baƙi. Babu wuraren jama'a a saman lokacin hunturu. A cikin hunturu, hanyar da ta fi shahara ita ce Hanyar lokacin hunturu, wanda ke farawa daga Tuckerman Canyon kuma ya juya arewa don hawa kan Zakin zuwa ƙafa 1534 sama da matakin teku. Ana ba da shawarar sauye-sauyen hanya a cikin hunturu don taimakawa masu hawa hawa don guje wa haɗarin bala'in bala'in.
Daidai inda rassan hanyar daga Tuckerman Canyon Trail ya dogara da yanayin dusar ƙanƙara. Hanyar bazara na Shugaban zaki na iya buɗewa idan dusar ƙanƙara ba ta isa ba. Bayan tafiyar kilomita 3,7 daga cibiyar baƙo ta Pinkham Notch, hanyar za ta juya dama zuwa Hanyar Rani ta Shugaban Zaki. Idan akwai isassun dusar ƙanƙara akan Titin Shugaban Zakin bazara, Sabis ɗin dajin zai buɗe titin lokacin hunturu na Shugaban zaki kuma zai ƙare a cikin kusan mil 2,7.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da daji a Washington da halayensa.