Thean adam a cikin kasadarsa don sanin sararin samaniya, yayi amfani da na'urorin fasaha masu yawa waɗanda suka ba da damar koyo da kuma fitar da bayanai masu amfani sosai. Da Binciken Cassini ya kasance cikin balaguro ta sararin samaniya sama da shekaru 20 kuma ya zama abokin Saturn. Koyaya, 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ya bar mu amma tare da wasu hotuna da ilimi mai ban mamaki.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk halayen, mahimmancin tafiya na binciken Cassini.
Babban fasali
An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1997 kuma bai isa Saturn ba har sai 2004. A cikin wannan tafiyar shekaru 7 dole ne ta shiga cikin wasu matsaloli. Mataki na ƙarshe ya fara ne a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2017 kuma shi ne mai kula da keta yankin tsakanin zoben da duniya. A ƙarshe an lalata shi a cikin yanayin Saturn bayan shekaru masu yawa na sabis.
Idan muka ƙidaya lahani 7 da ya ɗauka don isa Saturn, za mu ƙara shekaru 13 na watsi da shi, saboda haka ya sami damar yin 'yan ayyuka kaɗan. Shekaru 13 kenan suna ta yawo a duniya wanda a ciki aka sami damar fitar da adadi mai yawa na bayanai game da manyan tauraron dan adam. Tuni bayan shekaru 10 na kewayawa, ya bayar da bayanai daga sama da kilomita miliyan 3.500 da aka zaga duniya, kimanin hotuna 350.000 da sama da 500 GB na bayanai ga masana kimiyya.
Koyaya, binciken Cassini baiyi wannan duka tafiya shi kaɗai ba. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Huygens kuma Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai ce ta kera shi. Wannan abokin ya rabu bayan ya sauka a Titan a ranar 14 ga Janairun, 2005. An tsawaita aikin binciken Cassini tun shekara ta 2008, amma saboda kyakkyawan yanayin da yake ciki yana ta yada ayyukan har zuwa wannan shekarar. Kodayake yana amfani da nauyin Titan don yin canje-canje kewayewa, yana amfani da mai don aiwatar da wasu motsa jiki. Bayan shekaru da yawa, man fetur ya kasance kusan a cikin ɗan ajiyar kuma NASA ya fi son lalata shi kuma ya guji faɗuwa kan kowane watannin da ke gurɓata yankunan ƙimar kimiyya ta musamman.
Mun riga mun ƙazantar da duniyarmu da kewaye don isa zuwa Saturn don ƙazantar da watanni.
Babban binciken daga binciken Cassini
Bari muga menene manyan binciken da binciken Cassini yayi. Waɗannan abubuwan rakiyar zuwa Saturn, sun kasance babban mai bincike wanda ya gano har zuwa sabbin watanni 7 na duniyar kuma ya tabbatar da cewa Tekun duniya ya rufe Enceladus ɓoye ƙarƙashin layin kankara na waje Manufa ta ƙarshe ta ƙarshe tana ɗaya daga cikin mafiya haɗari tun lokacin da ta shiga karkatacciyar hanya wacce ke kusa da duniyar kusan kilomita 8.000. A cikin wannan manufa, ya yi zagaye 22 daidai yadda aka tsara tunda, tare da dangin kusan kilomita 34 a sakan daya, zai iya ratsa sararin da ke tsakanin zobba da duniya tare da tazarar kusan kilomita 2.000.
Theaƙƙarwar tauraron Saturn ne ya taimaka masa kewayar ƙarshe. Dole ne a sanya binciken a cikin zagaye na ƙarshe wanda yake kusa da mafi kusa da duniyar tare da kusan kilomita 1.000 kawai. A ciki, ya sami damar bayar da ingantattun bayanai waɗanda suka ba shi damar nazarin tsarin cikin duniya da zobenta. Tare da daidaiton 5%, yana yiwuwa a kirga yawan kuma ɗauki hotunan gajimare da yanayi. A ƙarshe, a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2017, ta fara jirgin ta na ƙarshe don kawo ƙarshen wargajewar yanayin Saturn.
Binciken Cassini da wuraren zama
Kafin aikin ya fara, babu tabbaci ko sanannen cakudadden abubuwa masu muhimmanci ga rayuwa ya kasance a wani wuri a cikin tsarin hasken rana na waje: daskararren ruwa, ruwa mai ruwa, sunadarai na asali, da makamashi, hasken rana, ko halayen sunadarai. Tunda Cassini ya isa Saturn, ya nuna cewa abu ne mai yiwuwa a sami duniya mai rayuwa tare da tekuna.
Enceladus, duk da cewa karami ne a cikin girman, an sami yana da ayyukanda masu karfi na kasa da ruwa a kusa da gabar kudu, saboda shi ruwa ne na duniya. Dauke da gishiri da kwayoyin halitta masu sauki, tekun yana fitar da tururin ruwa da gel ta hanyar geysers a cikin fasa akan shimfidar sa. Kasancewar wannan teku ya sanya Enceladus daya daga cikin wurare masu matukar alfanu a tsarin hasken rana don samun rayuwa.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, binciken Cassini ya warware ɗaya daga cikin asirtattun asirai: me yasa Enceladus shine mafi kyawun jikin samaniya a cikin tsarin rana. Wannan saboda jikin kankara ne.
Titan shima ɗan takara ne mai ƙarfi don neman rai. Binciken Huygens da ke dauke da Cassini ya sauka a saman tauraron dan adam kuma ya samo shaidar wani teku a karkashin kankararsa, wanda mai yiwuwa ya kunshi ruwa da ammoniya, kuma yanayin yana cike da kwayoyin prebiotic. Ya ga cewa yana dauke da cikakken tsarin ilimin ruwa, tare da koguna, tabkuna, da tekuna da aka cika da methane da ethane na ruwa.
Dangane da samfurin, masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa tekun Titan na iya ƙunsar maɓuɓɓuka na hydrothermal, wanda ke ba da ƙarfi ga rayuwa. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya suna fatan kiyaye asalin yanayinsa don bincika nan gaba. Saboda haka, sun yi binciken Cassini zai "kashe kansa" a kan Saturn don hana ta fadowa a wannan wata da gurɓata shi.
A Titan, aikin ya nuna mana duniya mai kama da duniya wanda yanayinta da yanayin ƙasa ke taimaka mana fahimtar duniyarmu. A wata hanya, Cassini kamar injin inji ne, wanda yake bude mana taga dan ganin yadda ake tafiyar da rayuwar mutum wanda zai iya samar da cigaban tsarin hasken rana da kuma tsarin duniya a kusa da sauran taurari.
Jirgin saman ya ba da hango na tsarin Saturn. Ya samo bayanai game da abun da ke ciki da yanayin zafin sama, hadari da iska mai iska mai iska. Ya hangi walƙiya a saman duniya dare da rana a karon farko. Hakanan akwai zoben sa, dakin gwaje-gwaje na halitta don nazarin samuwar duniyoyi, wani nau'I ne mai karancin tsarin hasken rana.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da binciken Cassini da gudummawar sa.