Daya daga cikin shahararrun tsaunukan tsaunuka a tsibirin Italiya shine Cordillera de los Apennines. Ya zama sananne ga kasancewarsa ɓangare na ƙashin bayan wannan yanki na larabawa. Tsari ne mai tsaunuka kimanin kilomita 1.400 a tsayi kuma fadinsa ya banbanta tsakanin kilomita 40 zuwa 200. Tana da dumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗabi'a da nau'ikan flora da fauna waɗanda suka mai da ita yanayin yanayi wanda zai dace da ziyartar sa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi magana game da halaye, geology, flora da fauna na Apennines.
Babban fasali
Wannan tsarin tsaunuka yana wucewa ne daga izinin Cadibona, wanda ke arewa maso yamma, zuwa Tsibirin Egadi, wanda ke arewacin Sicily. Tana da tsayi mai tsayin mita 2.914 da aka sani da Corno Grande. Idan muka yi nazarinsa ta mahangar kasa, Apennines wani bangare ne na wani tsaunuka da aka sani da tsaunukan Atlas, wadanda suka fara daga Arewacin Afirka kuma suka ratsa ta Dinaric Alps, suka ratsa ta yankin Balkan.
Yanayin ilimin ƙasa yana da ban mamaki. A gefe guda, mun sami sandstones da marls a yankin arewa, a Liguria. A kudu na yankin teku da kuma Sicily zamu iya samun manyan tsaunuka na dutsen da ke kula da su wanda ya rabu da ƙananan yankuna tare da raƙuman ruwa da sandstone.
Tsarin samari ne wanda juyin halitta bai gama ba. Shin hakan zamu iya samun kololuwa bayyanannu wadanda har yanzu ba su shafi matsalar zaizayar kasa da wucewar lokaci ba. Bugu da kari, suna da laifofi da yawa a wurare daban-daban wadanda ke haifar da yankunan da ke kusa da su da alamomin girgizar kasa da volcanism mai aiki. Duk da kasancewar tsauniyar matashiya, iska da ruwa na fuskantar matsalar zaizayar kasa. Tekun teku ya isa cikin tsaunuka yana rage girman bakin teku kuma yana haifar da gungun duwatsu masu siriri.
Sauyin yanayi da muhallin Apennines
Duk tsawon zangon tsaunin yana da yanayin Yankin Bahar Rum saboda haka muna samun tsire-tsire na kudanci wanda ya kunshi yawancin gonakin inabi, gonakin zaitun da itatuwan citrus. Abin da ya sa wannan tsaunin yawon bude ido don haka yawon shakatawa ya ziyarta shi ne mafi yawan yankunanta suna cikin daji ba tare da noma ba. Abubuwan al'ajabi masu yawa sun wadata a waɗannan wurare. Wadannan duwatsu masu kulawa suna zuwa ne daga sakandare da jami'a.
Yanki ne mafi ƙarancin talauci kuma mafi ƙarancin talauci a cikin Italiya don kasancewar yanayin yanayi. Yawan jama'a da ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna masu haɓaka tattalin arziƙi. Kodayake mafi yawan yanayi shine Bahar Rum, saboda tsawo, ƙarancin yanayin zafi da zafi mai yawa suna da yawa a cikin shekara. A zamanin da, Apennines sun lulluɓe da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Dazuzzuka suna ci gaba da bacewa sanadiyyar wuce gona da iri. Ya'yan garken tumaki da awaki sun kasance suna janyewa da kuma raba mazaunin waɗannan nau'in.
Da a yau, har yanzu mutanen kasar suna aiwatar da safarar mutane. Garkunan suna kiwo a cikin tsaunuka yayin bazara kuma a lokacin hunturu suna fadada zuwa filayen bakin teku inda yanayin yanayin yafi dadi. Kokoki, beyar, dawakai da kwarjini a hankali suna ɓacewa saboda ayyukan ɗan adam.
Apennine Division
Kuna iya cewa an raba Apennines daga arewa zuwa kudu zuwa sassa 4. Yaran laka suna da alhakin zaftarewar ƙasa lokacin damina ta zo. Wadannan zaftarewar kasa na yawan yin barazana ga kauyukan da suke a yankunan da ke kusa. A wasu lokuta, an lalata shi kuma ya haifar da asara mai yawa a wuraren da mutane ke zaune saboda waɗannan zaftarewar ƙasa.
Game da kayan ma'adinai, ba mu sami wadata mai yawa ba. Amma zamu iya ganin adadin pyrites, ores na jan ƙarfe, bauxite, da mercury. Ana samun Mercury da yawa kuma, sabili da haka, Italiya ita ce kan gaba a duniya wajen samar da Mercury.
Wadannan kayan ana iya samunsu musamman a tsakiyar sashin teku. Sicily, a gefe guda, ya fi wadatar sulphur girma. Kodayake idan muka fara lissafawa, babban arzikin Apennines shine ƙarfin lantarki. Godiya ga ƙarfin babban ruwa, ana iya fitar da adadi mai yawa na sabuntawar. Wannan saboda matakin da filin yana da matukar wahala, musamman a yankin Naples.
A cikin yankin Liguria an haɗa su da yammacin Alps. Babban sashi yayi daidai da Tuscan-Emilian massif inda zamu iya samun kololuwa waɗanda suka wuce tsayin mita 2.000 sama da matakin teku. Matsayi mafi girma a cikin Arewacin Apennines shine Mount Cimone mai tsayin mita 2.165.
A cikin yanki mafi fadi daga tsaunukan tsaunuka akwai ƙananan kwari da tsaunuka masu yawa kamar tsaunukan Abruzzo, tsaunukan SIbilinos ko Gran Sasso, wurin da Corno Grande yake hawa (2.194 m), mafi girman yankin na Apennines . A bangaren kudu, tsaunin tsaunin yana wani nau'in baka wanda ya juya zuwa kudu maso yamma. Wannan yankin shine wanda ya fita waje don samun manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta kamar Vesuvius. Wadannan duwatsu masu aman wuta suma sune sanadiyar wasu ayyukan girgizar kasa.
Hydrology, flora da fauna
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ilimin kimiyyar ruwa na da matukar mahimmanci a wannan tsaunin. Yana tsaye don samun rafuka tare da gajeren kwasa-kwasan kwalliya. Mafi mahimman koguna sune Tiber wanda yake wucewa daga yankin tsakiyar zuwa gaɓar tekun Tyrrhenian. Yana da tsayin kilomita 405, wanda ga kogi ƙarami ne ƙarami. Wani mahimmin kogin shi ne Arno, wanda ke da tsawon kilomita 250, wanda ya fara daga yamma a cikin masassarar Tuscan, ya ratsa ta Florence kuma ya koma can cikin Tekun Lugurian.
Kodayake rafuka suna da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, aikin ruwa yana ɗayan mahimman wakilai masu saurin yashewa a cikin waɗannan jeren tsaunukan. Amma ga flora, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in Rum wadanda suka bambanta gwargwadon tsawo da latitude. A arewa mun sami itacen oak, kirji, beech da itatuwan pine a yalwace. A kudu mun sami wasu shrubs kamar su ne mastic, oleanders da myrtles.
A gefe guda kuma, an adana fauna sosai saboda kasancewar wuraren shakatawa da wuraren kariya. Daga cikin mafi halayen halayen da muke dasu da ruwan goro mai launin ruwan kasa, da kyarkeci mai ɗanɗano, lynx da gaggafa ta zinariya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da Apennines.