Abanye iziphethu zazibhekwa njengezingcwele kwamanye amasiko asendulo. Eqinisweni, zikhona iziphethu emhlabeni wonke. Lezi mithombo zinezici zazo, kodwa zonke zinento eyodwa efanayo: amanzi asentwasahlobo anobumsulwa obukhulu. Abantu abaningi abaqondi kahle noma abazi ukuthi ziyini iziphethu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi iziphethu, yiziphi izici zabo eziyingqayizivele, izitshalo, izilwane kanye nokubaluleka.
Ziyini iziphethu
Amaphesenti angama-70 omhlaba ngamanzi. Lesi sakhi, esibalulekile empilweni, sikhona ezifundeni eziningi nasezicini ezihlukahlukene zendawo. Amanzi angatholakala olwandle, emachibini, emifuleni, noma eqhweni eziqhweni zeqhwa. Kodwa-ke, amanzi abuye acashe ngaphansi komhlaba, emanzini angaphansi komhlaba noma emachibini angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo zemithombo kuzosisiza siqonde ukuthi siyini isiphethu nokuthi amanzi aphuma kuso avelaphi.
Umthombo umfudlana wamanzi ogeleza usuka phansi noma emthonjeni wamadwala neziphethu ukuya phezulu. Ezinye iziphethu ziphuma emanzini emvula, emanzini eqhwa, noma emanzini aphuma emanzini ashisayo ukuze akhe imithombo eshisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza kwezinye iziphethu kuzoncika enkathini yenkathi nemvula, okubangela ukuba iziphethu ezimanzi zome ngezikhathi zemvula encane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo ezinokugeleza okuphezulu zingasetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka umphakathi wendawo. Umthombo wamanzi asentwasahlobo yiwo osivumela ukuthi sakhe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo zeziphethu
Izinhlobo ezintathu zeziphethu zingahlukaniswa: iziphethu ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezimaphakathi noma ze-artesian. I-perennial iyisiphethu lapho amanzi ephuma ekujuleni okungaphansi kwetafula lamanzi (indawo yokugcwala) lapho ukugeleza kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo.
I-intermittent iyisiphethu esidalwa lapho amanzi evela ezingeni eliseduze netafula lamanzi. Ngakho-ke, amanzi alo aphuma kuphela lapho itafula lamanzi lifinyelela izinga eliphezulu, okungukuthi, ngenkathi yemvula. Ekugcineni, iziphethu ze-artesian ziyimithombo eyenziwe umuntu, umphumela wokubhoboza okujulile lapho itafula lamanzi liphakeme kunomhlaba.
Ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukuhlonza ezinye izinhlobo zemithombo ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamanzi abawakhiphayo:
- Ubukhulu bokuqala. Okungenani amalitha ayi-2.800 ngomzuzwana (l/s). Babadala kunabo bonke.
- Ubukhulu besibili. Ukusuka ku-280 kuye ku-2.800 l/s.
- Ubukhulu besithathu. Ukusuka ku-28 kuye ku-280 l/s.
- ubukhulu besine. Ukusuka ku-6,3 kuye ku-28 l/s.
- ubukhulu besihlanu. Ukusuka ku-0,63 kuye ku-6,3 l/s.
- Ubukhulu besithupha. Ukusuka ku-63 kuye ku-630 ml / s.
- ubukhulu besikhombisa. Ukusuka ku-8 kuye ku-63 ml / s.
- Ubukhulu besishiyagalombili. Ngaphansi kuka-8ml/s.
- ubukhulu be-zero. Azigelezi, imvamisa iyisizinda sokugeleza somlando.
Kukhona futhi ama-seep, okuyimithombo emincane amanzi ayo ahluza enhlabathini evuzayo; imifantu, egeleza ngemifantu noma amaphutha emhlabeni; namapayipi, amanzi ageleza ngawo emigodini engaphansi komhlaba.
ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi
Imithombo igqame ngokuba namanzi acwebile ukuze athathwe njengafanele ukuphuzwa umuntu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi athathwa ngokuqondile endaweni engaphansi komhlaba. Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-aquifers kufeza umsebenzi wokuvikela wemvelo ekungcolisweni kwamanzi avela kweminye imithombo, njengemifula noma izilwandle.
Nokho, la manzi angaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwekhwalithi ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe. Ukuze kuqhutshwe ukukhishwa nokuthengiswa kwamanzi entwasahlobo, izinkampani kufanele zibhalise ku-General Sanitary Food Registry elawulwa yi-AESAN (I-Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kusenezinkampani eziningi ezisebenza emanzini asemabhodleleni eSpain. Kuphela eCastilla y León Angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600 amalitha amanzi asentwasahlobo afakwa emabhodleleni unyaka ngamunye, okusho kancane ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-10,5 omkhiqizo kazwelonke.
ikusasa leziphethu
Njengamanje, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ama-aquifers kuthinteka kakhulu emisebenzini yabantu. Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle kokuwanika isikhathi esidingekayo sokuvuselela, okuhumusheka ekutholakaleni okuncane.
Futhi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kulithinta ngokwanele izinga lamanzi. Futhi, izinga lamanzi lale mithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lizothinteka. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka, singabona la ma-akhwifa ayigugu encipha. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha baxwayise ngokuncipha okukhathazayo kwemithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okubeka izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke engcupheni.
Namuhla cishe zonke izizinda zamanzi zisongelwa ukungcola futhi nemithombo ngokuvamile injalo. Lokhu zimbi ngoba ziwumthombo wamanzi obalulekile enanini elincane labantu nezilwane. Futhi, eziningi zitholakala njalo emifuleni nasezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.
Imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa efana nokudoba, ukugibela izintaba, nokukanisa okuye kwachuma ezindaweni ezizungezile naseziphethwini eminyakeni yamuva nje ibe yingozi ngandlela thize ngoba imfucumfucu ingangena emanzini futhi ingaphazamisi izinga lemithombo kuphela, kodwa futhi nobuhle bayo. Enye ingozi ukumpompa, okuthinta inani loketshezi entwasahlobo.
Izimbali nezilwane
Imithombo ayiwona amanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo; ngokuvamile izinhlobo zamanzi ezingapheli zibamba izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile, kuhlanganise ne-trout. Ezinye izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zichitha isikhathi esiningi lapho, futhi izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni ziya lapho ukuze ziphuze, zifune umthunzi, noma zidle ukudla. Izinambuzane zivame kakhulu ezizungezile, i-dragonfly, i-Somatochlora hineana, iwuhlobo oluncike ekugelezeni kwamanzi entwasahlobo endaweni encane yase-United States.
Iziphethu ezinkudlwana zingase zisekele izinhlobo eziningi zempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphethu eziseBennett Springs State Park e-United States zaziwa nge-rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kanye nenhlanzi ensundu (Salmo trutta). Abanye, ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide noma amaminerali emanzini abo, azikwazi ukusekela izinhlanzi noma ezinye izilwane, kodwa zingafukamela amagciwane nezinye izilokazane.
Ngokuphathelene nezitshalo, zingazungezwa cishe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo, kuhlanganise namahlathi nezindawo ezinotshani, njengoba zingagcini nje nge-biomes noma i-ecosystem.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi iziphethu nezici zazo.