ukuthi ulwandle lwakhiwa kanjani

Kuwo wonke umlando baye bazibuza ukuthi ulwandle lwakhiwa kanjani. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kwakukholelwa ukuthi uMhlaba namanye amaplanethi enziwe ngezinto ezikhishwe elangeni. Umfanekiso womhlaba ukhanya ushisa bese uyaphola kancane kancane. Uma selipholile ngokwanele ukuze amanzi aminyene, umhwamuko wamanzi osemkhathini oshisayo woMhlaba waphenduka uketshezi futhi laqala ukuna kakhulu. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yalemvula emangalisayo yamanzi abilayo, igxumagxuma futhi ibhonga njengoba ishaya endaweni eshisayo, izitsha ezisendaweni emagebhugebhu eMhlabeni zagcina sezipholile ngokwanele ukubamba amanzi, zigcwale futhi ngaleyo ndlela zakha izilwandle.

Ingabe ngempela yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo izilwandle? Kulesi sihloko sikuchaza ngokuningiliziwe.

ukuthi ulwandle lwakhiwa kanjani

Namuhla, ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi uMhlaba namanye amaplanethi awazange akheke elangeni, kodwa avela ezinhlayiyeni ezahlangana ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho ilanga likhula. Umhlaba awuzange ufinyelele izinga lokushisa kwelanga, kodwa kwashisa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla okushayisana kwazo zonke izinhlayiya eziwakhile. Kangangokuthi insalela yayo encane ekuqaleni ayikwazanga ukuqukatha umkhathi noma umhwamuko wamanzi.

Noma ngokufanayo, izinto eziqinile zalo Mhlaba osanda kwakhiwa azinawo umkhathi noma ulwandle. Zivelaphi?

Yiqiniso, amanzi (kanye negesi) abophekile ngokukhululekile entweni enamatshe eyakha ingxenye eqinile yeplanethi. Ingaphakathi liya lishisa futhi lishise njengoba ingxenye eqinile iqina ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi. Igesi kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi kukhishwa ekuhlanganiseni kwawo kwangaphambilini nedwala futhi kushiye into eqinile ngemuva.

Amabhamuza akha futhi anqwabelana adale umonakalo kuMhlaba omncane, kuyilapho ukushisa okukhishwayo kubangele ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okunamandla. Akukho ngisho iconsi elilodwa lamanzi aluketshezi eliye lawa esibhakabhakeni iminyaka eminingi. Kufana nomhwamuko wamanzi, ocwebezelayo usuka kuqweqwe bese uyajiya. Izilwandle zakha ukusuka phezulu, hhayi ngaphansi.

Okungavumelani izazi zokuma komhlaba namuhla izinga okwakhiwa ngalo izilwandle. Ingabe wonke umhwamuko wamanzi wanyamalala eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyinkulungwane ukuze ulwandle lube bukhulu obuyilo namuhla kusukela kwaqala ukuphila? Noma ingabe inqubo ehamba kancane lapho ulwandle belukhula futhi luqhubeka lukhula phakathi nesikhathi sokwakheka komhlaba?

ukuna olwandle

Labo abacabanga ukuthi izilwandle zakha ekuqaleni komdlalo futhi ziye zahlala zingashintshile kusukela lapho bakhomba ukuthi amazwekazi abonakala eyingxenye ehlala njalo Yomhlaba. Esikhathini esidlule, lapho kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izilwandle zincane kakhulu, zazingabonakali zinkulu kakhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo abakholelwa ukuthi ulwandle belulokhu lukhuphuka kancane kancane baveza ukuthi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kusakhafulela umhwamuko omningi emoyeni: umhwamuko uvela emadwaleni ajulile, hhayi olwandle. Ukwengeza, kunezintaba zasolwandle e-Pacific Ocean okungenzeka ukuthi iziqongo zazo eziyisicaba zazisezingeni lolwandle kodwa manje sezingamakhulu amamitha ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle.

Mhlawumbe kungafinyelelwa ekuvumelaneni. Kuye kwasikiselwa ukuthi ngenkathi ulwandle lukhuphuka, isisindo samanzi amile sibangela ukudilika kolwandle. Okusho ukuthi, ngokwale nkolelo-mbono, ulwandle belulokhu lujula, kodwa alubanzi. Lokhu kungachaza ukuba khona kwalezi zinkangala ezingaphansi kwamanzi olwandle, kanye nokuba khona kwamazwekazi.

Amapuleti eTectonic

Ukwakheka kwezilwandle eMhlabeni kuwumphumela ongaqondile wezinqubo zokuguquguquka kwengubo ephula uqweqwe. Konke kuqala ngokucindezela okwenziwa yi-magma phezulu. Lokhu kucindezela kubangela kuqala ukuwohloka koqweqwe lomhlaba bese kulandela ukuqhekeka kwawo. Nakuba ingcindezi ekhishwa yi-magma inomumo ocishe ume mpo, ukusuka eksisi yokucindezela okukhulu kwe-magma. kukhiqizwa amandla avundlile aphula uqweqwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka imifantu ebanzi ekhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Njengoba inqwaba ye-crustal ihlukana kancane kancane, ingaphezulu liyacwila kancane kancane bese kwakheka ama-depressions amakhulu (ngenxa yokuhlukana kwengcindezi). Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kwenzeka kulezi zingosi (lapho i-magma isivele inamandla okuphunyuka), futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba imigoqo ikhula ngobubanzi, igcwala amanzi, ekugcineni kwakheka inqwaba yamanzi njengoba siwazi. Njengolwandle nolwandle. Lapho intaba-mlilo isimboziwe, iba ngaphansi kolwandle, futhi izinkalo zentaba-mlilo ezigudle imifantu zibizwa ngokuthi amagquma aphakathi nolwandle. I-rift yindawo enkulu yokuvuleka, ukuhlukana, ukuqhekeka, kanye nemifantu oqweqweni lomhlaba.

Ezinye izimfihlakalo zokuthi ulwandle lwakhiwa kanjani

I-hypothesis yokuthi ama-meteorite akude kanye nenkanyezi enomsila agcwele amanzi idinga izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zethonya lamandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwamaplanethi amakhulukazi nalezi zindikimba zasezulwini ukuze zilethwe lapha zisuka emizileni yazo ekude. U-Laurette Piani kanye nethimba elivela ku-National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS, isifinyezo sesiFulentshi) kanye neNyuvesi yaseLorraine (eFrance) bazama ukukhombisa enye indlela ehlongozwayo yokuchaza ukuthi kungani kuyiplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Umhlaba wenziwe ngengxube yezinto ezivela ku-nebula eyabangela isimiso sonozungezilanga. "Namuhla siyazi ukuthi amaplanethi asemhlabeni, okuhlanganisa noMhlaba, awazange akheke ngokuzumayo, kodwa aqoqwe emakhulukhulu ezinkanyezi zasemkhathini," kuchaza uJosep Maria Terri, umphenyi oyinhloko we-Small Objects and Meteorites Group e-Go Space Sciences Institute. CSIC).-IEEC), e-Barcelona. “Izinto ezakha umhlaba zizoba seduze kakhulu nelanga, futhi amaphesenti angu-80 kuya kwangu-90 ayoba ama-enstatite chondrite [amaminerali awo amaningi kakhulu] noma avamile,” enezela.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ulwandle lwakhiwe kanjani.