Emvelweni kunezindlela eziningi zokwehlisa isithunzi. Enye yezinto zangaphandle ezehlisa isithunzi i-ecosystem yemvelo ukuguguleka. Abantu abaningi abazi kahle yini ukuguguleka, inamiphi imiphumela futhi iyini imiphumela yako. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi yinto eyacekelwa phansi yizinto zombili ezibangelwa abantu.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi kuyini ukuguguleka, yiziphi izici zako, umsuka kanye nemiphumela.
yini ukuguguleka
Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kungenxa yesenzo sokwakheka komhlaba (njengokugeleza kwamanzi noma ukuncibilika kweqhwa), isenzo sesimo sezulu (njengemvula noma umoya onamandla), noma izinto ezenziwa abantu (ezifana nezolimo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukusakazeka kwedolobha). , njll.).
ukuguguleka komhlabathi Kuyinto engaqhubeki futhi ehamba kancane ehlanganisa ukudilika komhlaba okusuka phezulu, okubangela izinguquko ekubukekeni komhlaba esikhathini eside. Kwezinye izimo, ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo noma ukusebenza ngokweqile kwe-anthropogenic, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kwenzeka ngesivinini esisheshayo, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwenhlabathi nokulahlekelwa izinto eziphilayo namaminerali.
Ukubaluleka kwalesi simo ukuthi inhlabathi empeleni ithathwa njengensiza engavuseleleki ngoba kuthatha isikhathi eside ukumila. EMexico, inkinga yenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezingalingani, lapho kubizwa khona imimango yezwe. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuma kwezwe lukhona ezindaweni eziningi zezwe, nokuthi kunezindawo zokulima zesikhashana kulezi zindawo, kungabhekwa ukuthi inkinga inkulu.
Izinhlobo zokuguguleka komhlabathi
ukuguguleka kwamanzi
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuguguleka kwenhlabathi yemvelo:
- ukuguguleka kwamanzi. Kudalwa imigudu okungaba amanzi emvula noma ukugeleza komfula.
- ukuguguleka komoya. Ipheshulwa yimimoya enamandla.
- Ukuguguleka kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ivela emiphumeleni yamandla adonsela phansi yamadwala awelayo noma izinguzunga zeqhwa ezincibilikayo ukusuka phezulu komthambeka.
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lokuguguleka kwenhlabathi okwenzeka ngokushesha:
- ukuguguleka kwabantu. Ikhiqizwa imisebenzi yabantu ethinta ukuguga nokuwohloka komhlabathi, njengokulima okujulile, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukwakhiwa kwemisele kanye nemigwaqo, ukwandiswa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, ukufuywa okujulile, ukumba izimayini, njll. ikakhulukazi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko
Izimbangela zokuguguleka kwenhlabathi zingahlukahluka, eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukunyakaza kwamanzi. Ngendlela yemvula, imifula noma imisinga yolwandle, amanzi ashaya phansi futhi axege izingxenye ezingaphezulu, ehudulwa umsinga.
- ukunyakaza komoya. Ukuvunguza komoya onamandla emhlabathini kuyaxegisa futhi kunyakazise izinhlayiya nemfucumfucu (ngohlobo lothuli, isihlabathi, noma amatshe) ngaphezulu.
- Ukunyakaza kwamadwala nezinguzunga zeqhwa. Ukuchitheka kweqhwa kusuka ezinguzunga zeqhwa noma amadwala aginqa phansi ukusuka phezulu komthambeka kungabangela isimo sezulu noma ukuqhekeka endleleni yawo.
- echayeke emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Izikhathi ezinde ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibanda kakhulu zingashintsha indawo ephansi futhi zidale imifantu noma imifantu, okuvuna ukuguga kwayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwabantu nokusetshenziswa kabi komhlaba. Imisebenzi yabantu eyeqisayo, njengokulima ngokujulile noma ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, ingabangela ukucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi, ezimweni eziningi umonakalo ongalungiseki.
Imiphumela yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi
Imiphumela eyinhloko yokuguguleka komhlabathi okubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu ihlanganisa:
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno emhlabeni ovundile ukuze kusimame i-agroecosystem kanye nokukhiqizwa komhlaba.
- Ukungcoliswa kanye nokuchithwa kwemifudlana nemifula kuye kwanda, okubangele ukuba kube nezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlala lapho.
- umhlabathi ogwadule kwenza izwe libe ugwadule noma lingafaneleki ukuphila (ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi, uhlaza kanye nokudla).
- Umthamo wokuhlunga ophansi yenhlabathi ewugwadule ingabangela izikhukhula endaweni.
- Ukungalingani kuma-ecosystem kuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okungukuthi, ukulahleka kwenani lezilwane nezitshalo.
- ukulahleka kwehlathi ekwazi ukumunca i-carbon dioxide isiguqule kakhulu isimo sezulu somhlaba.
Ungakugwema kanjani?
Ukuvimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi nokuguga okubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu, ikhambi elingcono kakhulu ukuvimbela nokusebenzisa le misebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngendlela eqhubekayo. Kungasiza ukunciphisa umthelela kwezolimo nemfuyo, futhi kuvimbele ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa izakhi.
- Ukugcwala kwehlathi. Ukutshalwa kwezihlahla nezitshalo kusiza ukubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem kanye nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi.
- Ukutshala izimila. Ukukhuthaza ukutshala okusimeme ezindaweni ezisobala noma lapho imishini yokwakha itshalwa khona kungasiza ukusimamisa umhlabathi kanye nemisoco yawo.
- Ukwakhiwa kwamashaneli okudonsa amanzi. Ezindaweni ezinomthamo ongemuhle womhlabathi wokumunca, ama-gutters angasiza ukuqondisa amanzi ukuvimbela izikhukhula.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwaphumela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo okuhlala kuyo izigidi zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyisenzo esibangelwa umuntu esihilela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi namahlathi ngokugawula noma ukushisa. Uma lesi senzo senziwa ngamandla ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezanele zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, singabangela umonakalo omkhulu enhlabathini nasezindaweni zemvelo, okuhlanganisa:
- Izigidi zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ziye zalahlekelwa izindawo zazo zokuhlala. Lona umphumela obaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izinto eziphilayo azikwazi ukusinda ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo.
- Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ngokungakhethi kushintsha izimo zezulu njengoba zilondoloza inhlabathi futhi zilondoloze umswakama endaweni ezungezile kanye nomjikelezo we-hydrological obuyisela isitimu emkhathini.
- Umphumela omkhulu we-greenhouse. Ngaphezu kokungenelela esimweni sezulu, izihlahla zimunca namagesi abangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ukungabikho kwayo kushintsha ukugcwala kwegesi emkhathini ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethi.
Izimila zigcina izakhiwo zenhlabathi, zivimbela ukuguguleka, zithatha indawo ebalulekile emjikelezweni wamanzi-ngakho-ke esimweni sezulu- futhi zivikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina ukuvumelana kwe-ecosystem, ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwenhlabathi kubalulekile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kuyini ukuguguleka kanye nezici zako.