Umuntu unelukuluku lokwazi kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Ukuthola igama nesibongo sazo zonke izinto eMhlabeni bekulokhu kuyinto eza kuqala njalo. Kokubili ukwazi izilinganiso zakho konke nokubiza izinto ngamagama abo. Sikala, sikala futhi sihlole zonke izinto ukuze sazi kahle ukuthi sibhekene nani. Kwakungeke kube kuncane ngeplanethi yethu. Yize uMhlaba ungeke waziwe ngqo, kuye kwenzeka ukulinganisa ububanzi bawo.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini i- ububanzi bomhlaba futhi ibalwe kanjani? Lapha sikutshela konke.
Linganisa futhi ufake ilebula
Iplanethi yethu isinezinto eziningi ezingaziwa ngoba akunakwenzeka ukukala ngqo konke okuguqukayo kuwo wonke amakhona. Isibonelo, olwandle olujulile olukhona, mhlawumbe ayikatholakali kubuchwepheshe bethu. Njengoba inani lokukhanya kwelanga liyancipha ngaphansi kolwandle kanye nengcindezi yamanzi ikuchoboza konke okutholakalayo, izisekelo zemisele yolwandle enkulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni asizazi nhlobo.
Okufanayo kuya ngobubanzi bomhlaba. Asikwazi ukumba nokumba size sifike enkabeni yoMhlaba. Okokuqala, ngoba izingqimba zamadwala zikhulu kakhulu futhi zinzima ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bethu bungangena. Okwesibili, ngoba izinga lokushisa lomnyombo wangaphakathi izulazula cishe ku-5000 degrees Celsius futhi akekho umuntu noma umshini ongamelana namazinga okushisa anjalo. Ekugcineni, kulawa madamu akukho-oxygen etholakalayo yokuphefumula.
Kodwa-ke, yize singenakulinganisa ububanzi bomhlaba ngqo, kunezindlela eziningi ezisiza ukulinganisa. Isibonelo, singasebenzisa amaza okuzamazama komhlaba ukutadisha ukwakheka kwe- izingqimba zangaphakathi zomhlaba. Ngenxa yezindlela ezingaqondile zokutadisha zeplanethi yethu, singafunda kabanzi ngayo ngaphandle kokuzibona ngamehlo ethu.
Umbono we-plate tectonics Kusitshela ukuthi uqweqwe lwamazwekazi luhlukaniswe ngamacwecwe e-tectonic nokuthi ahanjiswa ngokuqhubekayo yimisinga ye-convection yengubo yoMhlaba. Le mifudlana inikezwa ngomehluko wobuningi phakathi kwezinto ezisemhlabeni. Singakwazi konke lokhu kubonga ngezindlela zokulinganisa ezingaqondile.
U-Eratosthenes, umlingisi wokuqala wobubanzi bomhlaba
Njengoba umuntu ehlala efuna ukwazi kakhulu, uzame ukuthola izindlela zakho konke. U-Eratosthenes waba ngowokuqala ukwazi ukukala ububanzi bomhlaba. Into ebilokhu iyindida kubantu ababephila ezikhathini zasendulo.
Indlela alinganisa ngayo uMhlaba yayiqukethe izinto ezithile zobudlova ezazithathwa njengobuchwepheshe bokuguqula isimo ngaleso sikhathi. Okufanayo kuya ngekhasethi. Kuze kube muva nje amateyipu e-VHS bekungubuchwepheshe bamuva. Manje sesingafaka ngaphezu kwe-128GB kudivayisi ubukhulu bayo abudluli usayizi wezinzipho uzwane olukhulu.
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ayisebenzisile ukukala ububanzi bomhlaba yayikala kusukela ngosuku luka I-Summer Solstice. U-Eratosthenes wacosha i-papyrus emtatsheni wezincwadi lapho ebona ukuthi okuthunyelwe akubonisi sithunzi eSiena. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi imisebe yelanga yashaya umhlaba ngendlela eqondakalayo. Lavuka kanjalo-ke ilukuluku lakhe futhi wafuna ukwazi ukuthi ubukhulu bomhlaba bungakanani.
Kamuva waya e-Alexandria, lapho bengizokuphinda khona ukuhlolwa bese ngibona ukuthi isithunzi bekungu-7 degrees. Ngemuva kwalesi silinganiso, wabona ukuthi umehluko kuleso sithunzi naleyo ayilinganisa eSiena kwakuyisizathu esanele sokwazi ukuthi uMhlaba uyindilinga futhi awucabalele njengoba kukholwa.
Ifomula ye-Eratosthenes
Kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho okutholwe kuzilinganiso zombili, waqala ukwakha imibono embalwa ezosiza ukukala ububanzi bomhlaba. Ukuze enze lokhu, waqala ukuphetha ngokuthi, uma umjikelezo unama-degree angama-360, amashumi amahlanu alowo mkhawulo uzoba ngama-degree ayi-7, okungukuthi, kufana nesithunzi esilinganiswe e-Alexandria. Ngokwazi ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwale mizi emibili lingamakhilomitha angama-800, wakwazi ukuthola ukuthi ububanzi bomhlaba bungaba amakhilomitha angama-40.000.
Njengamanje kuyaziwa ukuthi ububanzi bomhlaba bungamakhilomitha angama-39.830. Ukuze sibe sesikhathini sasendulo esingenakulinganiswa, wenza izilinganiso ezithile ngqo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siwubone umsebenzi omkhulu awenza. Kumele futhi sisho ukubaluleka kwe-trigonometry, ngoba ngenxa yayo, wakwazi ukwazi ububanzi bomhlaba.
Ububanzi bangaphakathi
Lokho u-Eratosthenes akukalile kubhekisela kububanzi bomjikelezo womhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kunabantu abebekade befuna ukwazi ukuthi yini ububanzi obungaphakathi boMhlaba. Njengoba kungenzeki ukuya ngqo emaphakathi nomongo womhlaba ngalokhu okukhulunywe ngenhla, ubufakazi obungaqondile kumele benziwe.
Isibonelo, kukhona izilinganiso zamagagasi enyikima avumayo, azi umehluko phakathi kwawo, uhlobo lwezinto zangaphakathi ezenziwe ngazo nebanga elikulo. Yile ndlela esazi ngayo ukuthi ingaphandle lengubo lenziwe ngezinto ezijiyile ezixubana nalezi zobukhulu obuphezulu ukudala imisinga ye-convection ebhekele ukuhamba kwamapuleti we-tectonic.
Ngalezi zindlela ezingaqondile kungaziwa ukuthi ububanzi obusuka ebusweni bomhlaba buye ngaphesheya, budlula phakathi, ingu-12.756 km. Njengokulangazelela, ukujula okujule kakhulu okwenziwe ngabantu akukwazanga ukudlula amakhilomitha ayi-15. Kunjengokungathi nge-aphula lapho sifuna ukufinyelela khona emathanjeni angaphakathi, sasidabule kuphela ungqimba oluncane olumbozayo, okusho isikhumba salo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kukhona izazi zezibalo ezinengqondo ethakazelayo futhi ekhaliphile ezikwazi ukwenza ukutholwa kwangempela ngobuchwepheshe obuncane. Ngoba ubuchwepheshe yizindlela kuphela ezisiza ulwazi.
I-Eratosthenes ayizange ilinganise ububanzi bomhlaba i-40000 km, noma ngabe yikuphi kuzungeza. Ukulandela ukucabanga kwakhe, irediyasi yayingu-6336 km. Ngisho nephutha elincane kunaleli elishiwo ku-athikili. Kuphakathi kokuthi kudinga ukuthi kubhalwe kahle, noma kudinga ukubuyekeza lokho okubhaliwe. Kunoma ikuphi, ubulukhuni obuncane.
Uma sibheka ukuthi asaziswanga ngobukhulu beqiniso bomhlaba, sibonga imininingwane yakho, ngiyethemba ukuthi njengoba izifundo kulokhu ziqhubeka, sizofunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, esijabulisa kakhulu.
Ukusuka lapho ngimi khona noma ngithi ngihleli, ngize ngihambe kolunye uhlangothi (imoto, i-abion, isikebhe) ngqo nge-INNER yomhlaba kuze kube kuphi omunye umuntu wami, ohlezi etafuleni futhi eqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-12.756? Yebo, futhi futhi ukusuka endaweni efanayo lapho ngaphambili ngangibhalelwe khona indlela yomhlaba kanye ne-6.378 km futhi ukusuka lapho ukuya lapho omunye umuntu wami ekhona futhi enye i-6.378 km, engeze ama-estremos (ukusuka endleleni eya ogwini), banikeza ibanga ka-12.756 km? yebo
Akusilo yini ibanga lebhola, i-sphere noma umhlaba DANDOLE LA BUELTA anyathela ebusweni bomhlaba namanzi, kusuka etafuleni lami kuze kube kufinyelela edeskini lami futhi? cha
I-athikili enhle, kepha udida ububanzi nobubanzi, ububanzi yisilinganiso sombuthano noma imbulunga ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuye kolunye udlula maphakathi nendawo, futhi umjikelezo kumele uqale ngephuzu elilodwa futhi ujikeleze futhi, yilokho Ngiyaqonda
Amanga, u-eratosthenes akazange asho ukuthi ukuzungeza umhlaba kwakungamakhilomitha angama-40000, wathi, kunalokho wabala futhi kwaholela ekutheni kube nesibalo ngqo saleso sikhathi okwakuyizi-39.375 km. Futhi i-engeli ngqo yayingu-7.2 °, okwathi lapho iphindaphindeka ngama-50 kunika i-360 ° ngenxa yalokho futhi kwabalwa kanjalo ukubalwa kobubanzi bomhlaba futhi uma esebenzisa i-solstice yasehlobo nemizi emibili yaseGibhithe, iSyene ne-Alexandria, enikeza ibanga phakathi kwalezi 2 , Izigaba ezingama-5000 lapho ngaleso sikhathi zazilingana no-0,1575 km futhi ngaleyo ndlela ama-Eratotenes athola ukuzungeza komhlaba noma isilinganiso esilinganiselwe ...
Ungalenzi iphutha. Akubona ububanzi obulinganisa amakhilomitha angama-40.000. Kungumjikelezo ozungeze uqweqwe lomhlaba.
Embhalweni wakho udida ububanzi nepherimitha. Lokho u-Eratosthenes abalwe ku-40,000 km kwakuyi-perimeter eqondile, njengoba ibanga eliphakathi kweSiena ne-Alexandria libalwe ngamakhilomitha angama-800 futhi wathi ibanga lihambisana nendawo engaphezulu, kanye nomjikelezo. Esikhundleni salokho, ububanzi umugqa oqondile ocatshangelwayo osuka kwelinye iphuzu uye kwelinye endaweni eyindilinga noma ngaphezulu kwendawo ephakathi nendawo.