Eplanethini yethu kukhona ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwe-geological okunezici ezihlukile ngokuya ngemvelaphi yazo, i-morphology, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, njll. Enye yazo yiqoqo leziqhingi. Abantu abaningi abazi yini iqoqo leziqhingi nokuthi kwakheka kanjani.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuthi liyini iqoqo leziqhingi, ukuthi lakhiwe kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izici zalo eziyinhloko.
Yini iqoqo leziqhingi
ngokwendawo, Iqembu leziqhingi ezihlanganiswe engxenyeni encane yolwandle libizwa ngokuthi iqoqo leziqhingi. okungukuthi, azikude kakhulu komunye nomunye, nakuba ngokuvamile ziningi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kweziqhingi ngokwazo, kungase kube nezinye izinhlobo zeziqhingi, izigodi, nezixhobo zamatshe kuleli qoqo leziqhingi.
Igama leziqhingi livela kwelesiGrikhi elithi archi ("phezu") kanye nelithi pélagos ("ulwandle"). Leli igama elasendulo elalisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuLwandle i-Aegean ("Shanghai" noma "Ulwandle Olukhulu") ngoba lwalugcwele iziqhingi. Kamuva, lasetshenziselwa ukubhekisela eziqhingini zoLwandle i-Aegean, futhi kamuva eqenjini leziqhingi ezifanayo nazo.
Kunamaqoqo eziqhingi amaningi emhlabeni, kodwa amaningi agxile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naphakathi kogu olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States neGreenland.
Izici eziyinhloko
Izici eziyinhloko ze-archipelago yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Angavela noma aqhamuke ekunyakazeni kwe-tectonic, ukuguguleka nokubeka phansi.
- Zingamaqembu eziqhingi ezisolwandle ezinamabanga amafushane ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Ezikhathini zasendulo, igama leziqhingi lalisetshenziselwa ukubiza uLwandle i-Aegean.
- Iziqhingi ezakha leli qoqo leziqhingi zinemvelaphi efanayo yokuma komhlaba.
- Zibonakala ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemimoya yokuhweba evunguza isuka enyakatho-mpumalanga.
- Isikhathi sayo semvula ngokuvamile siqala ngoMeyi futhi siqhubeke kuze kube uDisemba.
- Baqopha cishe u-80% wemvula yonyaka.
- Ngenxa yendawo ezikuyo, zingahlaselwa iziphepho.
- Lezo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMhlabeni zisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuvakasha ngoba amabhishi azo angaphandle futhi mancane.
- Iziqhingi ezinjengeJapane zingamaqoqo eziqhingi amakhulu avela ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.
Kungani iziqhingi zakha?
Lezi ziqhingi ziwumkhiqizo wezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuma komhlaba, okungukuthi, izinguquko oqweqweni lomhlaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba nje kwamiswa amazwekazi, kwamiswa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeziqhingi. Ngalo mqondo, singakhuluma ngalokhu:
- iziqhingi zezwekazi anemvelaphi efanayo njengoba lonke izwekazi empeleni ahlanganiswe nayo ishalofu lezwekazi, nakuba ehlukaniswa phezulu ngamanzi angajulile (angabi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-200 ukushona). Eziningi zalezi zaziyingxenye yezwekazi ngokwalo esikhathini esidlule, lapho izinga lolwandle laliphansi.
- iziqhingi zentaba-mlilo, ziwumphumela wentaba-mlilo engaphansi kolwandle, ukubekwa kwezinto ezingaphansi komhlaba phezu komhlaba, lapho zipholisa khona futhi zibe inhlabathi eqinile. Ziwuhlobo olusha kakhulu kuzo zonke iziqhingi.
- iziqhingi ezixubile, lapho umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba noma wentaba-mlilo uhlangana ne-continental plate ngokwawo, ukhiqiza inhlanganisela yezimo ezimbili zokuqala.
- iziqhingi zamakhorali, Ngokuvamile ayisicaba futhi aphansi, akhiwa ngokunqwabelana kwe-coralline kumapulatifomu angajulile angaphansi kwamanzi (ngokuvamile ohlobo lwentaba-mlilo).
- iziqhingi ze-sedimentary, umphumela wokunqwabelana kwezinsalela, ngokuvamile zitholakala emlonyeni wemifula emikhulu futhi zithutha inani elikhulu lesihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, udaka nezinye izinto ezihlanganayo futhi eziqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile zakha i-delta emlonyeni womfula.
- iziqhingi zomfula, ezakhiwe phakathi nomfula ngenxa yezinguquko endleleni noma ekuhambeni komfula, lezi ziqhingi zivumela ukubukeka kwamagquma aqinile, izindawo zokuphumula noma izikhukhula ezinamaxhaphozi.
izinhlobo ze-archipelagos
Ngokufanayo, ama-archipelagos ahlukaniswa ngokwemvelaphi yawo yokuma komhlaba, kodwa kulokhu kuhlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili kuphela:
- iziqhingi zasolwandle, ezakhiwe iziqhingi ngokuvamile ezinemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo, azizona ezanoma iyiphi i-continental plate.
- i-mainland Archipelago, ezakhiwe iziqhingi zase-continental, okungukuthi, iziqhingi eziyingxenye ye-continental plate, ngisho noma zihlukaniswa ama-expanses amanzi angashoni.
izibonelo zama-archipelagos
Nazi izibonelo zama-archipelagos ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba:
- iziqhingi zase hawaii zitholakala eNyakatho Pacific Ocean futhi zingabase-US. Zakhiwe iziqhingi eziyisishiyagalolunye nama-atoll, enkulu kunazo zonke okuyisiqhingi saseHawaii. Kuyiqoqo leziqhingi eziqhelelene kakhulu eMhlabeni.
- Iases bangabase-Ecuador futhi batholakala endaweni engamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ukusuka ogwini lolwandle iPacific. Yakhiwe iziqhingi eziyi-1.000 ezinezintaba-mlilo nezinye iziqhingi ezincane eziyi-13 lapho indawo yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu evikelwe olwandle emhlabeni itholakala, yamenyezelwa iNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yi-UNESCO ngo-107.
- I-Canary Islands: Zitholakala ogwini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika futhi ngokwepolitiki zingezaseSpain, iziQhingi zaseCanary zakhiwe iziqhingi eziyisishiyagalombili, iziqhingi ezinhlanu namadwala ayisishiyagalombili. Kuyiqembu leziqhingi ezinezintaba-mlilo ezisogwini lwezwekazi lase-Afrika futhi liyingxenye yendawo yemvelo yaseMacaronesia.
- I-Chiloé Archipelago Itholakala eningizimu yeChile futhi iqukethe isiqhingi esikhulu (Isla Grande de Chiloé) neziqhingi ezimbalwa ezincane ezisatshalaliswa esiqhingini esikhulu kunazo zonke, ezinezintathu nezine ngayinye. Leli qoqo leziqhingi lihambisana nezintaba ze-Chilean Coastal Range, futhi zonke ngaphandle kweziqongo zicwile emanzini.
- Iziqhingi zaseLos Roques bangabaseVenezuela futhi batholakala oLwandle i-Atlantic, amakhilomitha angu-176 ukusuka enhloko-dolobha, iyindawo enkulu yamakhorali oLwandle lweCaribbean. Inesimo se-atoll esingajwayelekile, esivame ukutholakala ePacific Ocean, futhi iqukethe iziqhingi ezingama-42 ezinamachweba aphakathi nezwe kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali ezingamakhilomitha ayi-1.500.
- iqoqo leziqhingi zaseMalaysia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Insulindia, iyindawo ezungezile yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ephakathi kwe-Indian Ocean kanye noLwandlekazi iPacific, ehlanganisa zonke noma ingxenye yezindawo zamazwe ayisikhombisa: iBrunei, iPhilippines, i-Indonesia, iMalaysia, iPapua New Guinea, iSingapore neTimor. . EMpumalanga. Kuneziqhingi ezihlukene ezingaphezu kuka-25.000, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: Iziqhingi zaseSunda, iMoluccas neziQhingi zasePhilippine.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi liyini iqoqo leziqhingi, izici zalo kanye nokwakheka.