yini inkanyezi enomsila

Ku-astronomy, izinkanyezi ezinomsila zaziwa njengezinhlobo ezithile zezinto ezihambayo zezinkanyezi, amalungu esimiso sonozungezilanga akha ama-orbit emizila ehlukene kanye nobude besikhathi sokuzungeza ilanga. Iningi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila livela ebhandeni lezinto ze-trans-Neptunian lezigaxa zezinto ezineqhwa ezaziwa ngokuthi i-Kuiper, noma ngisho nangaphezulu, i-Oort Cloud. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi yini inkanyezi enomsila nokuthi inamiphi imiphumela eplanethini enguMhlaba.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi iyini inkanyezi enomsila, yiziphi izici zayo, imvelaphi nokubaluleka kwayo.

yini inkanyezi enomsila

Inkanyezi enomsila akha imigudu egxile kakhulu lapho ezungeza ilanga, amaningi abuya ngemva kwamakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Isithombe saso esijwayelekile esomzimba oyisiyingi ogqamile oshiya imizila noma amakhoma egesi ebabazekayo.

Okuwukuphela kwento ebonakala njalo ebusweni boMhlaba i-Halley's Comet edumile. Nokho, ukucwaninga ngezinkanyezi ezinomsila, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusungulwa kwesibonakude, bekulokhu kukhathaza izazi zezinkanyezi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu eziphindaphindayo ziye zachazwa ngokuthi amabika, imithombo yesambulo, noma izimpawu zokuphela kwenkathi ethile kanye nokuqala kwenye. Izinganekwane ezifana nenkanyezi yaseBhayibhelini yaseBetlehema zingase zibe incazelo engaqondakali yalaba bahambi bezinkanyezi.

izinhlobo zamakhayithi

Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zingahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezicinisweni ezimbili, eyokuqala yibanga abalihambayo emigudwini yabo kanye nohlobo lwemizila etholakala kuyo. Ngakho singakhuluma mayelana:

• Inkanyezi enomsila noma emaphakathi. Ngokuvamile basuka eKuiper Belt, 50 Astronomical Units (AU) evela eLangeni.
• isikhathi eside izinkanyezi ezinomsila. Lezo zefu le-Oort, cishe izikhathi eziyikhulu ukusuka onqenqemeni lwesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Ngokufanayo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-periodic comet kanye ne-aperiodic comets, eyokuqala yileyo okuthatha iminyaka engu-200 noma ngaphansi ukuqedwa kwayo; imizuzwana leyo emizila yayo iqala eminyakeni engu-200. Ngokufanayo, izindlela zabo zingaba yi-elliptical, parabolic noma hyperbolic.

Ekugcineni, izinkanyezi ezinomsila zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngosayizi wazo:

• ikhayithi elincane. Ububanzi buphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-0 no-1,5.
• Ikhayithi elincane. Ububanzi buphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-1,5 no-3.
• ikhayithi eliphakathi. Ububanzi buphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-3 no-6.
• ikhayithi elikhulu. Ububanzi buphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-6 no-10.
• ikhayithi elikhulu. Ububanzi buphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-10 no-50.
• inkanyezi enomsila. Amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-50 ububanzi.

izingxenye zenkanyezi enomsila

Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukaniseka ngokucacile:

• I-nucleus. Ihlanganiswe nendaba eqinile yenkanyezi enomsila, lapho kutholakala khona izingxenye zayo (ngokuvamile iqhwa nezinhlanganisela ezingaphili, nakuba ngokuvamile iqukethe iminonjana yama-hydrocarbon), ngokuyisisekelo iyidwala elinyakazayo.
• Ukhefana. Okwaziwa nangokuthi uboya, umzila ubude bekhilomitha owenziwe igesi ekhishwa inkanyezi enomsila lapho ishisa ilanga, noma inkanyezi nemfucumfucu eyishiya endleleni yayo. Ezimweni eziningi, amakhoma amabili ahlukene angabonwa:
• Ikhoma yesoda. Yakhiwe umhwamuko wamanzi okhishwa izinkanyezi ezinomsila, isekela ohlangothini oluphambene nemisebe yelanga.
• uthuli comma. Ihlanganiswe nemfucumfucu eqinile yezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezilenga emkhathini, lapho iplanethi yethu ingena emkhathini woMhlaba, ibangela izihlambi ze-meteor lapho iplanethi yethu idlula emzileni othile wenkanyezi enomsila.

Izici eziyinhloko

Inkanyezi enomsila iza ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo, ngokuvamile ingavamile, kusukela kumakhilomitha ambalwa ukuya kumashumi amamitha ububanzi. Ukwakheka kwayo kungenye yezimfihlakalo ezivame kakhulu kusayensi yezinkanyezi, ezixazululwa kancane ngokuthi ukubhekwa kokugcina kwe-Halley's Comet ngo-1986.

Inkanyezi enomsila manje kwaziwa ukuthi iqukethe amanzi amaningi ayiqhwa, iqhwa elomile, i-ammonia, i-methane, insimbi, i-magnesium, i-sodium, nama-silicates. Ukwakheka okunjalo kusikisela ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila kungenzeka ukuthi yayiyingxenye yezinto eziphilayo ezadala ukuphila eMhlabeni.

Ngokufanayo, kucatshangwa ukuthi bangase babe ofakazi bezinto ezibonakalayo bokwakheka kwesimiso sonozungezilanga futhi bagcine ngaphakathi izimfihlo ezibonakalayo mayelana nemvelaphi yamaplanethi nelanga ngokwalo.

Izibonelo

Ezinye zezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezidume kakhulu yilezi:

• Inkanyezi enomsila. Umjikelezo weminyaka engaba ngu-76, okuwukuphela kwawo okubonakala emhlabeni.
• I-Comet Hale-bop. Esinye sezehlakalo okukhulunywa ngazo kakhulu ngekhulunyaka lama-1997, sasusa amahlebezi amaningi ngesikhathi sisondela eMhlabeni ngo-XNUMX ngenxa yokukhanya kwawo okukhulu.
• I-Comet Borrelly. Iqanjwe ngomsunguli wayo, umFulentshi u-Alphonse Borrell, yavakashelwa uphenyo lwasemkhathini lwaseMelika i-Deep Space One ngo-2001.
• I-Comet Coggia. I-aperiodic specimen enkulu ibonakala ngeso lenyama eMhlabeni ngo-1874. Yavakashela iplanethi yethu kabili ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuhlakazeka ngo-1882.
• I-Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Idume ngomthelela wayo ku-Jupiter ngo-1994, sabona umthelela wokuqala obhalwe phansi emlandweni.
• Comet Hyakutake. Itholwe ngoJanuwari 1996, yayiseduze kakhulu noMhlaba ngalowo nyaka: inkanyezi enomsila yadlula ibanga layo eliseduze kakhulu eminyakeni engama-200. Ingabonakala kuwo wonke umhlaba, ikhipha ama-X-ray amaningi futhi ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-72.000.

I-Halley comet

Nakuba kuyinkanyezi enomsila edume kakhulu emhlabeni, abantu abaningi abakazi ukuthi iyini. Kuyinkanyezi enomsila enobukhulu obukhulu nokukhanya okwanele okungabonakala eMhlabeni futhi ezungeza ilanga njengeplanethi yethu. Umehluko mayelana naye ukuthi nakuba umjikelezo wethu wokuhumusha uba minyaka yonke, lowo wenkanyezi enomsila kaHalley uba njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-76.

Abacwaningi bebelokhu bephenya ngokuzungeza kwayo kusukela okokugcina ukubonwa emhlabeni wethu, okwakungo-1986. Inkanyezi enomsila yaqanjwa ngososayensi owayithola, u-Edmund Halley ngo-1705.. Ucwaningo luthi ngokuzayo lapho lubonakala khona emhlabeni wethu cishe unyaka ka-2061, ngokunokwenzeka ezinyangeni zikaJuni noJulayi.

Ngokuqondene nemvelaphi, kucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiwe e-Oort Cloud, ekupheleni kwe-Solar System. Kulezi zindawo, izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezivelayo zinomzila omude. Noma kunjalo, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Halley yayifushanisa indlela yayo ngenxa yokuthi yayibhajwe iziqhwaga ezinkulu zegesi ezikhona ku-Solar System.. Lesi yisizathu esenza kube nomzila omfushane kangaka.

Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-comet ane-trajectory emfushane avela e-Kuiper Belt ngakho-ke leli bhande libhekwa njengemvelaphi ye-Halley's Comet.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini inkanyezi enomsila nezici zayo.