Emvelweni wasemhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemvelo ezixuba amanzi ahlanzekile aphuma emifuleni namanzi anosawoti aphuma olwandle. Lawa ma-ecosystem aziwa ngokuthi ama-estuary. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi yini ichweba. I-ecosystem exubile enesibopho sokuhlanganisa inqwaba yamanzi avela emifuleni nolwandle. Lawa manzi avalelwe yizindawo zomhlaba ezakha ugu futhi avulekele olwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi liyini igumbi lokukhiya, izici zalo nokubaluleka.
yini ichweba
Amachweba ama-ecosystem kanye nezindawo zokukhosela zezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Lezi zinambuzane zincike kulezi zimiso zemvelo ukuze ziphile, zondle futhi zizalane. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamachweba zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngendawo yokugeleza kwamanzi. La manzi agcina ezilwandle, amatheku, ama-cove, amachweba, amasimu ezithelo noma emiseleni. Izizalo zemifula zixuba amanzi ahlanzekile aphuma emiseleni namanzi anosawoti aphuma olwandle. Lokhu kungqubuzana kwamanzi anosawoti ahlukahlukene kubangela udaka oluphezulu.
Namuhla ichweba lisetshenziswa njengendawo ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziselwa ukuzijabulisa, izivakashi kanye nezinjongo zesayensi. Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukuthi ingenye yezinto eziphilayo ezikhiqiza kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Kulapha lapho izinto eziningi eziphilayo zikhiqizwa khona ezakhiweni zomhlaba ezithwalwa yimifula futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nezakhamzimba ezithwalwa olwandle.
Njengesistimu evalwe kancane, ukushintshaniswa kwezinto ezivela kuma-ecosystem amaningana angomakhelwane. Ngokuvamile, yizindawo ezingashoni kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ukukhanya kungangena kalula emanzini. Ngenxa yalezi zimo zemvelo, izinga le-photosynthesis endaweni yomfula liphezulu kakhulu. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekukhiqizeni okuhle okuyisisekelo. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ezisetshenziswa abantu zihlala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, njengama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs nezinhlanzi ezithile.
Elinye lamakhono echweba ukugcina amanzi amaningi nokuvimbela izikhukhula. Zibuye zisize ekuvimbeleni umonakalo ogwini ngesikhathi seziphepho. Ngakho-ke, nazo zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwabantu. Kwezinye izimo, ukugeleza kwemifula kuthwala amanzi amaningi, okubangela ukuba kushintshwe intlenga kanye nokungcola. Ngenxa yalo msinga onamandla, amanzi ahlala ehlanzekile.
Zakhiwa kanjani
Amachweba ahlangana namanzi ahlanzekile ukuze akhe izizalo zemifula njengoba amanzi olwandle egeleza emanzini olwandle phakathi namagagasi amakhulu. Khona-ke, lapho amagagasi ephansi, amanzi ahlanzekile atheleka olwandle. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni kube nexhaphozi elikhulu endaweni.
Amachweba akhiwe ngengxube yamanzi ahlanzekile nanosawoti akha imvelo ehlukene, lapho izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezitholakala kulezi zindawo zihlangana ndawonye. Ama-Estuaries izindawo zoshintsho lapho amanzi ahlangana namanye eduze nolwandle. Ngokuvamile zingamanzi afudumele anesimiso sazo semvelo esithile.
Amaxhaphozi avame ukwakheka, kodwa ezindaweni ezishisayo singathola nemihlume, okuyizindawo ezinamaxhaphozi. Bane-ecosystem ehlukahlukene. Singathola amachweba ajulile noma ajulile, anezindawo ezinamaxhaphozi noma ezinamatshe.
Izilwane zihlukahlukene, futhi lezi zindawo zifaka izinto eziphilayo eziningi kule planethi kangangokuthi zilingana namahlathi noma izindawo ezinotshani ngobukhulu. Izindawo zokuhlala zezilwane zasendle ezibaluleke kakhulu zakhiwa kulezi zindawo, futhi Zisebenza futhi njengokuhlunga kwamanzi.
Umnotho wezifunda eziningi ezisogwini ugxile ezindaweni zamachweba ngenxa yobuningi bezinhlanzi, izimbaza, noma ulwelwe. Yizindawo ezidumile kwezokuvakasha, ukubuka izinyoni kuvame kakhulu kulezi zindawo, futhi kuyizindawo ezinikezelwe olwazini nasemfundweni yesayensi.
uhlobo lomfula
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamachweba kuye ngezici ezithile ezibalulekile. Uhlobo ngalunye lwechweba lunqunywa ubuhlobo phakathi kwenani lamanzi emfuleni phakathi namagagasi kanye nenani lamanzi amaza ngokwawo. Kusuka lapha singathola izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamachweba:
- I-Salt Wedges Estuary: Yakha uma kunamanzi amaningi emfuleni kunasolwandle. Ngale ndlela sinengxube enongqimba oluncane loguquko phakathi kwamanzi omfula phezulu kanye ne-tidal wedge ngezansi.
- Ama-estuary anezigaba eziphezulu: Kulezi zinhlobo zamachweba, inani lamanzi ahlanzekile angenayo likhulu kunamanzi olwandle, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Lezi zimo zenza izingxube zamanzi phakathi kwezindikimba ezihlukene zamanzi ekugcineni zakha ungqimba oluphezulu olunosawoti omningi njengoba amagagasi eletha amanzi olwandle phezulu. Lapho la manzi amabili ehlangana, akha izingqimba.
- Ichweba elinendawo encane: Ichweba lapho umthamo wamanzi omfula ungaphansi kwalowo wamanzi olwandle. Uma kuqhathaniswa nakho kokubili, ubusawoti bamanzi lapha bushintshe kakhulu. Ezingqimbeni ezingenhla, usawoti uyashintsha, njengoba kunjalo nangaphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisinga iyashesha kakhulu.
- Isiza sokuxuba sime mpo: Kulolu hlobo lwegumbi lokukhiya, umthamo wamanzi ahlanzekile awusho lutho ngokuphathelene nomthamo wamagagasi. Lapha kugqama ukwanda okujwayelekile kwamagagasi e-locker anosawoti ofanayo. Njengoba kungekho nhlobo ukushintshana kwamanzi, alukho ushintsho kusawoti omningi. Azikho futhi izendlalelo ezime mpo kukholamu yamanzi.
- reverse estuary: Ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwechweba elingalethwa umfula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zikhona ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okuhwamuka. Ukuhwamuka kubangela ukugcwala kukasawoti kukhuphuke kakhulu. Okunye futhi ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi liyacwila ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu ngoba linosawoti omningi.
- Ama-estuaries ngezikhathi ezithile: zingaba zohlobo olulodwa noma olunye, kuye ngemvula ekhona ngaleso sikhathi. Kulapha lapho, kuye ngenani lemvula ngesikhathi ngasinye, kunezinketho ezahlukene. Ukube beziphakeme, usebe lomfula beluzothwala amanzi engeziwe.
Izitshalo nezilwane ezitholakala endaweni yomfula
Ichweba lechweba lakhiwe izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zisemanzini. Umhlanga, umhlanga kanye ne-baguio kuyagqama. Imvelo ehlanganisa imihlume ingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zemifula. Lezi yizinhlobo zezihlahla ezimelana kakhulu nezimo zamanzi anosawoti. Zijwayelane nenhlabathi emanzi futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-70 zomhlume. Umhlume omhlophe, omnyama, obomvu kanye nompunga uyagqama.
Ingxenye yezitshalo ezihlotshaniswa nemihlume utshani basolwandle. Ungathola nezindawo zamathafa olwelwe kanye nenqwaba ye-phytoplankton. Ngokuqondene nezilwane, kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. Okugqama kakhulu kuzo i-zooplankton, njengoba ukukhanya kwelanga kungena emanzini kahle kakhulu.. Lezi zioplankton zidla izinhlanzi ze-estuarine, ikakhulukazi i-herring, sardines kanye nama-anchovies. Kukhona nenani elikhulu lama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Izizalo zemifula zingasuka kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, kungaba yindawo eshisayo, epholile noma ebandayo, kuya nge-latitude lapho etholakala khona. Nokho, ngenxa yesimo sayo esingasogwini, isimo sezulu saso sithonywa ubuningi bolwandle. Ngakho, ngisho nasezifundeni ezibandayo, isimo sezulu asibi kakhulu njengalezo zangaphakathi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini indawo yomfula kanye nezici zayo.