yini i-orbit

yini i-orbit

Uma sikhuluma ngesayensi yezinkanyezi, isimiso sonozungezilanga namaplanethi, sihlala sikhuluma ngomjikelezo. Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo yini i-orbit, ibaluleke kangakanani futhi yiziphi izici zayo. Kungashiwo ngendlela eyenziwe lula ukuthi i-orbit iwumzila wendikimba yasezulwini endaweni yonke.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini i-orbit, yiziphi izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.

yini i-orbit

uhlelo lwelanga

Ku-physics, i-orbit indlela echazwa into eyodwa ezungeze enye, futhi izungeza leyo ndlela ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla amaphakathi, njengamandla adonsela phansi omzimba wasezulwini. Lena indlela elandelwa into njengoba izungeza inkaba yamandla adonsela phansi lapho ikhangwa khona, ekuqaleni ngaphandle kokuyithinta, kodwa futhi ingaqheli nayo ngokuphelele.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX (lapho uJohannes Kepler no-Isaac Newton benza imithetho eyisisekelo yesayensi yemvelo ebabusayo), ama-orbit abe umqondo obalulekile ekuqondeni ukunyakaza kwendawo yonke, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali asemkhathini kanye ne-subabatomic.

Imizila ingaba nemimo eyahlukene, eyi-elliptical, eyindilinga noma emide, futhi ingaba yi-parabolic (emise okwe-parabola) noma i-hyperbolic (emise okwe-hyperbola). Noma kunjalo, i-orbit ngayinye iqukethe izici ezilandelayo eziyisithupha ze-Kepler:

  • Ukuthambekela kwendiza ye-orbital, eboniswa uphawu i.
  • Ubude benodi ekhuphukayo, evezwe kuphawu Ω.
  • I-eccentricity noma izinga lokuchezuka ukusuka kumjikelezo, okhonjiswa uphawu u-e.
  • I-eksisi elingana nengxenye enkulu, noma ingxenye eyodwa yobubanzi obude kakhulu, ikhonjiswa ngophawu a.
  • I-perihelion noma ipharamitha ye-perihelion, i-engeli ukusuka endaweni ekhuphukayo ukuya ku-perihelion, ekhonjwa ngophawu ω.
  • Incazelo engavamile yenkathi yenkathi, noma ingxenyenamba yesikhathi esidlulile se-orbital, futhi ivezwa njenge-engeli, ekhonjiswa uphawu M0.

Izici nokubaluleka

kuyini ukuzungeza emkhathini

Izici eziyinhloko ezingabonwa ku-orbit yilezi ezilandelayo:

  • Zinezimo ezihlukene, kodwa zonke ziyi-oval, okusho ukuthi zimise okweqanda.
  • Endabeni yamaplanethi, ama-orbits acishe abe yindilinga.
  • Ku-orbit, ungathola izinto ezahlukene ezifana izinyanga, amaplanethi, ama-asteroids, namanye amathuluzi enziwe umuntu.
  • Kuyo, izinto ziyakwazi ukuzungezana ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.
  • Yonke i-orbit ekhona ine-eccentricity yayo, okuyinani indlela ye-orbit ehluke ngayo kusiyingi esifanele.
  • Zinezici eziningi ezibalulekile ezibalulekile, njenge ukuthambekela, ukuqondanisa, imingcele ye-anomaly, i-nodal longitude kanye ne-perihelion.

Ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwe-orbit ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasathelayithi zingabekwa kuwo, eziphethe ukubuka umhlaba, okubalulekile ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthola izimpendulo kanye nokubhekwa okunembayo mayelana nesimo sezulu, izilwandle, umkhathi nomoya. ngisho nangaphakathi emhlabeni. Umhlaba. Iziphuphutheki zinganikeza nokwaziswa okubalulekile ngemisebenzi ethile yabantu, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nezimo zezulu, njengokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, ukuguguleka, nokungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile yeplanethi.

i-orbit ku-chemistry

Ekhemistry, sikhuluma ngemizila yama-electron azungeza i-nucleus ngenxa yamacala ahlukene kagesi anawo (ama-electron ashajwa kabi, i-proton ne-nuclei ye-neutron ishajwa kahle). Lawa ma-electron awanazo izindlela eziqondile, kodwa ngokuvamile achazwa ngokuthi ama-orbital abizwa ngokuthi ama-atomic orbitals, kuye ngezinga lamandla anawo.

I-orbital ngayinye ye-athomu imelelwa inombolo nohlamvu. Izinombolo (1, 2, 3… kufika ku-7) zibonisa izinga lamandla lapho inhlayiya ihamba khona, kuyilapho izinhlamvu (s, p, d kanye no-f) zibonisa ukuma kwe-orbit.

Elliptical

i-elliptical orbit

Esikhundleni sendilinga, i-elliptical orbit idonsa i-ellipse, indilinga eyisicaba, emide. Lesi sibalo, i-ellipse, sinemihlobiso emibili, ziphi izimbazo ezimaphakathi zesekelo ezimbili ezakhayo; ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-orbit lune-eccentricity enkulu kunoziro futhi ingaphansi kokukodwa (0 ilingana ne-orbit eyindilinga, 1 ilingana ne-parabolic orbit).

I-orbit ngayinye eyi-elliptical inamaphuzu amabili aphawulekayo:

  • Olandelayo. Iphoyinti elisendleleni ye-orbit (kweyodwa ye-foci emibili) eseduze nomzimba omaphakathi ozungeze umzila.
  • Ngokuqhubekayo. Iphoyinti elisendleleni ye-orbital (kweyodwa ye-foci emibili) eqhelile kuvolumu emaphakathi yomzila ohleliwe.

Umjikelezo wesolar

Njengezinhlelo eziningi zamaplanethi, imigudu echazwa izinkanyezi zeSolar System icishe ibe yi-elliptical. Maphakathi nendawo kukhona inkanyezi yesimiso, ilanga lethu, amandla ayo adonsela phansi anyakazisa amaplanethi nezinkanyezi ezinomsila ngokulandelana kwazo. Imizila ye-Parabolic noma ye-hyperbolic ezungeza ilanga ayinakho ukuxhumana okuqondile nenkanyezi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasathelayithi eplanethi ngayinye nawo alandelela ukuzungeza kweplanethi ngayinye, njengoba nje iNyanga yenza ngoMhlaba.

Kodwa-ke, izinkanyezi ziphinde zidonse zodwa, zenze ukuphazanyiswa kwamandla adonsela phansi okubangela ukuthi ukujula kwemizila yazo kuhluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokunye. Isibonelo, iMercury iyiplanethi ene-orbit engavamile kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi iseduze nelanga, kodwa I-Mars isendaweni yesibili, kude nelanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imizila yeVenus neNeptune incane kakhulu.

ukuzungeza komhlaba

Umhlaba, njengomakhelwane bawo, uzungeza ilanga ngendlela ezungeza i-elliptical, ethatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-365 (unyaka), esikubiza ngokuthi ukunyakaza kokuhumusha. Lokhu kufuduka kwenzeka ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-67.000 ngehora.

Khonamanjalo, kunemizila emine engenzeka emhlabeni, njengamasathelayithi okwenziwa:

  • Baja (LEO). 200 kuya ku-2.000 amakhilomitha ukusuka ebusweni beplanethi.
  • Kusho (OEM). 2.000 kuya ku-35.786 km ukusuka ebusweni beplanethi.
  • Phezulu (HEO). 35.786 kuya ku-40.000 amakhilomitha ukusuka ebusweni beplanethi.
  • I-Geostationary (GEO). 35.786 km ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Lena i-orbit evumelaniswa nenkabazwe, ene-zero eccentricity, futhi kusibukeli esiseMhlabeni, into ibonakala imile esibhakabhakeni.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-orbit nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.


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Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.