Sinezinhlobo eziningi zezilinganiso zebanga ku-SI. Aziwa kakhulu imitha nekhilomitha. Nokho, ngale kwesentimitha nemilimitha kukhona amayunithi okulinganisa izinto ezincane. Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-micron. Abantu abaningi abazi yini i-micron, ukuthi ilinganisa inani elingakanani noma imayelana nani.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuthi i-micron iyini, izici zayo, ukuthi ilinganiswa kanjani nokunye okuningi.
yini i-micron
I-micron isilinganiso esincane kakhulu esisetshenziswa ukukala izinto ezincane kangangokuthi zingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-micrometer futhi uphawu lwayo ngu-µm. I-micron eyodwa ilingana nengxenye eyisigidi yemitha. Okusho ukuthi, uma sisika imitha sibe izingxenye ezilinganayo eziyisigidi, ngayinye yalezo zingxenye ingaba imakroni eyodwa.
Lesi silinganiso sisetshenziselwa ukukala izinto zosayizi we-microscopic, njengosayizi wamaseli emzimbeni wethu noma ububanzi bomucu wezinwele. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukukala izinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni, njengempova noma ukungcola.
Ukukunikeza umbono wokuthi i-micron incane kangakanani, izinwele zomuntu zinobubanzi obuphakathi kwama-microns angama-50 no-100. Futhi ukuze ukwazi ukubona i-micron uzodinga isibonakhulu esinamandla kakhulu, njengoba sincane kakhulu kunobukhulu bamangqamuzana amaningi emizimbeni yethu.
Iphinde ibe nezinye izici ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyisilinganiso esinembe kakhulu futhi sisetshenziswa emikhakheni lapho ukunemba kubalulekile khona, njengemboni yezogesi noma ukwakhiwa kwamathuluzi ezokwelapha.
Indlela yokukala i-micron
Ukulinganisa ngokunembile imakhronu eyodwa, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okulinganisa akhethekile, njenge-micrometer yangaphandle noma i-micrometer yangaphakathi. Lawa mathuluzi aklanyelwe ukukala ngokunembile izinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokwakheka.
I-micrometer ibuye isetshenziswe kusayensi ukukala nokuqhathanisa ubukhulu bezinhlayiya., okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukwakheka kwezinto kanye nendlela abaziphatha ngayo ezimweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ososayensi bangasebenzisa ama-micrometer ukukala usayizi wokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya ku-aerosol ukuze banqume ukuthi iyingozi yini empilweni.
izinhlobo zama-micrometer
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-micrometer, ngaphandle nangaphakathi, zombili eziklanyelwe ukukala izinto ezinobumo nobukhulu obuhlukene. I-micrometer yangaphandle isetshenziselwa ukukala usayizi wezinto ezinendawo eyisicaba, njengocezu lwensimbi noma ipulasitiki.. Inemilenze emibili, eyodwa engashintshi futhi eyodwa ehambayo, ehambayo ukukala ibanga eliphakathi kwayo. Ama-micrometer angaphandle anembe kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa ekwenzeni amathuluzi nezingxenye zomshini, kanye nokulinganisa ukujula kwemigodi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-micrometer yangaphakathi isetshenziselwa kala ubukhulu bezinto ezinobuso obungaphakathi, njengeshubhu noma imbobo. Lolu hlobo lwe-micrometer luqukethe ingalo efakwa entweni ezolinganiswa kanye nethiphu enyakaziswayo ukukala ibanga ukusuka ekugcineni ukuya engalweni. Ama-micrometer angaphakathi anembe kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa ekwenzeni izingxenye eziwumshini, njengamabheringi noma amavalvu.
I-micrometer inezingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezivumela ukukala okunembile kwezinto ezincane. Lezi zingxenye yilezi:
- Umzimba: Lona uhlaka lwe-micrometer. Ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi isivikelo esishisayo ukuze sigweme ukunwetshwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise amaphutha okulinganisa.
- Ima: Iyingxenye egxilile ye-micrometer futhi iqukethe iphoyinti elinguziro lesilinganiso. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngezinto eziqinile ezifana nensimbi noma insimbi ukuvimbela ukuguga futhi indawo yokuqala ihlale ifana.
- I-Spindle: Ingxenye ehambayo ye-micrometer eya ekugcineni kwento elinganiswayo. Njengamapulaki, ithiphu ngokuvamile lenziwa ngezinto eziqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhuzuka.
- Isilinganiso: Ibonisa ububanzi bokulinganisa be-micrometer.
- Ibanga Lokunemba: Ibonisa iphutha elingenzeka uma kulinganiswa ubude.
- Ilever yokukhiya: Kuyinduku evumela ukulungisa indawo yokuphotha ukuze ugweme ukunyakaza futhi ukwazi ukufunda izilinganiso.
- Isigubhu esingashintshi: Le ngxenye nayo ayinyakazi. Ibonisa amamilimitha lapho into ikalwa ngayo.
- isigubhu sikamakhalekhukhwini: Ingxenye ehambayo ye-micrometer enamathiselwe ku-spindle. Ibonisa ingxenye yekhulu nezinkulungwane zamamilimitha wesilinganiso sento.
- Ratchet: Ingxenye umuntu ayijikayo ukuze athathe isilinganiso. Kumele iguqulwe kuze kube yilapho i-spindle ithinta into ezolinganiswa.
ukusetshenziswa kwe-micron
I-micron iphinde isetshenziswe kubuchwepheshe be-vacuum ephezulu, okubhekisela ekudaleni i-vacuum ephezulu kakhulu endaweni evalekile, ukususa ama-molecule omoya amaningi kanye namanye amagesi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kulo mkhakha, i-micron isetshenziselwa ukukala inani lezinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni ezingathinta i-vacuum. Ngokwesibonelo, Izinhlayiya zothuli ezihamba emoyeni ezingama-microns angu-10 noma ezinkulu ngosayizi zingathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi ye-vacuum. Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi okulinganisa izinhlayiyana asetshenziselwa ukukala ubuningi nosayizi wezinhlayiya ezisemoyeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-micron isetshenziselwa ukukala ubukhulu bamapayipi nama-valve ezinhlelweni ze-vacuum. Amashubhu evacuum ngokuvamile mancane kakhulu ngobubanzi, ngokuvamile angaphansi kwe-micron eyodwa, adinga amathuluzi okulinganisa anembe kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amashubhu anosayizi ofanele nokuthi akukho ukuvuza ohlelweni.
Umkhakha lapho i-micron isetshenziswa kabanzi ikuwo ukudala i-vacuum ezinkampanini zenyama. Ukuze ugcine inyama isesimweni esihle kakhulu isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, i-vacuum yenziwa ukuze kuqedwe inani eliphezulu lomoya elingase lithinte ukuwohloka kwalo.
Izibonelo zezinto kanye nosayizi bazo kuma-microns
Sizonikeza izibonelo zezinto kanye nezidalwa eziphilayo ngokusekelwe kusayizi wazo kanye nesilinganiso sazo ngama-microns:
- Ububanzi bezinwele zomuntu: Phakathi kwama-60 nama-80
- Ubude be-mite: 1 ukuya ku-4
- Usayizi wezinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu ezakha intuthu: 1
- Usayizi wegciwane: 0.2 kuya ku-10
- Usayizi wegciwane: 0.005 kuya ku-0.2
- Usayizi wemvubelo: 2 kuya ku-90
- Usayizi wempova: 12 kuya ku-200
- Usayizi we-macromolecule ye-organic: 0.008 kuya ku-2
- Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya zomoya ezigcinwe emgudwini wokuphefumula wangaphandle womuntu: Zingaphezu kuka-10
- Usayizi wezinhlayiya ezimisiwe emoyeni, ezifinyelela ku-alveoli yomuntu: Ngaphansi kuka-1
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-micron nezici zayo.