Siyazi ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinhlekelele zomhlaba eziyingozi kakhulu abantu ababhekana nazo kuleli khulu leminyaka. IJakarta isibe ngelinye lamadolobha aqala ukucwila ngokushesha kunamanye amadolobha emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu ingacwiliswa ngo-2050 uma amazinga wamanje olwandle ekhuphuka eqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, kwaziwa cishe ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi IJakarta iyacwila.
Kule ndatshana, sizokutshela ukuthi yini imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu okuthinta kabi ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle nokuthi kungani iJakarta icwila.
Kungani iJakarta icwila?
Siyazi ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwandisa amazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba wonke ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba. Iminyaka engamashumi ukuphela kukaphethiloli nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokuphakelwa kwamanzi ngaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle nezimo zezulu kuya ngokuya kwenza ukuzinza ezindaweni ezisogwini. Kubukeka sengathi izindawo ezahlukahlukene zempumalanga yeJakarta seziqala ukunyamalala ngenxa yokunyuka kwamazinga olwandle.
Khumbula ukuthi iJakarta yakhiwe endaweni yokuzamazama komhlaba enendawo eyixhaphozi. Kule ndawo Imifula eyi-13 ihlangana lapho kuhlangana khona, ngakho-ke inhlabathi iba sengozini kakhulu. Kumele futhi sengeze kuleli qiniso ukuthi kube khona isiminyaminya, inani elikhulu labantu kanye nokuhlelwa kwedolobha okungalungile. IJakarta iyacwila njengoba ingenalo uhlelo lwamanzi lwamapayipi enyakatho ekude, ngakho-ke imboni yendawo kanye nezigidi ezimbalwa zabanye abahlali basebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ekuxhashazweni kwale mifula engaphansi komhlaba sekuneminye imiphumela edala ukuthi iJakarta icwile. Uma sikhipha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngendlela engalawuleki, sizobe sidala ukulahlekelwa ukwesekwa yinhlabathi. Ubuso bomhlaba buzobe budlula lapho kungekho ukuxhaswa okungasekela isisindo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhishwa kwamanzi okudlangile futhi okukhulu kuzokwenza ukuthi umhlaba ucwile. Lokhu kwenza IJakarta yesibili ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-25 ngonyaka kwezinye izindawo lapho zisengozini kakhulu. La manani we-subsidence aphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso somhlaba samadolobha amakhulu asogwini.
Inkinga
Sabemos que ezinye izingxenye zeJakarta zingamamitha angaba ngu-4 ngaphansi kogu lolwandle. Lokhu kuguqula ngokungenakuguqulwa ukwakheka komhlaba futhi kushiya izigidi zabantu zisengozini yezinhlekelele zemvelo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona. Uma sibheka ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuncibilikisa izingqimba zeqhwa emhlabeni wonke, ulwandle luzokhuphuka eminyakeni edlule. Isikhathi esengeziwe sihamba, kuzoba nezinkinga eziningi futhi neJakarta iyacwila.
Ebhekene nesimo esinjalo, izikhukhula ziba yinto evame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yemvula yesizwe esishisayo. Izibikezelo zilinganisela ukuthi imiphumela ye- izikhukhula ziba zimbi njengoba amazinga olwandle enyuka ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba. Umhlabathi uphansi maqondana namazinga olwandle futhi uma uphakama kakhulu, imiphumela iba mikhulu futhi iba yingozi kakhulu. Hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi umnotho uzoguqulwa, kepha kuzoba nokuphuma okuphoqelelwe kwabantu ezindaweni ezingaphakathi nezwe.
Kunezindawo zaseJakarta ebezihlalwa ngabantu ngenxa yokwenyuka kolwandle futhi okudale ukucwila kwezinye izindawo zedolobha.
IJakarta iyacwila namakhambi okungenzeka
Phakathi kwamakhambi ahlongozwayo ukunciphisa lesi simo sithola ukuvunywa kohlelo oluhlose ukwakha iziqhingi zokwenziwa eJakarta Bay. Lezi ziqhingi zizosebenza njengohlobo lwesiphikiso olumelene noLwandle iJava futhi zenze ukuphakama kolwandle kungaphazamisi kangako. Kuphakanyiswe futhi ukuthi kwakhiwe udonga olukhulu lwasogwini. Kodwa-ke, kulesi simo asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi iphrojekthi ilinganiselwe nayo isabelomali sama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 singaxazulula izinkinga zedolobha elicwilayo.
Siyazi ukuthi iJakarta iyacwila, kepha nokho le phrojekthi ibambezeleke ngeminyaka yokubambezeleka ezokwenza ukwakhiwa kube nzima kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwemigoqo yokunciphisa imiphumela yokunyuka kwamazinga olwandle kuye kwazanywa phambilini. Kwakhiwa udonga lukakhonkolo ngasogwini esifundeni saseRasdi nabanye abaningi abanobungozi obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindonga sezivele ziqhekekile futhi zikhombisa izimpawu zokwehla. Akukwazekanga ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angene ngaphakathi futhi aqale ukudala imifantu. Amanzi angena ngalezi zindonga angene phakathi kwemigwaqo emincane nemijondolo ezindaweni ezihlwempu kakhulu zedolobha. Konke lokhu kunomphumela wokushoda kwenhlanzeko kanye nesabelomali.
Njengoba izindlela ezikhona zemvelo zinomthelela omncane, iziphathimandla zifuna ezinye izindlela ezinqala. Isilinganiso ukuthi isizwe kufanele sifune enye imali entsha. Indawo ingamenyezelwa kakhulu, okuphephe kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwedolobha lonke esiqhingini saseBorneo.
Kuyinselelo impela ukufudusa inhliziyo yezokuphatha neyepolitiki yezwe, kepha kungasebenza njengesenzo sokulondolozwa kukazwelonke. Khumbula ukuthi lolu hlelo luyingozi futhi luzwakala njengokufa kweJakarta.
Imizi ecwilayo
Akukona nje ukucwila kweJakarta kuphela, kepha kukhona nezinye izikhungo zasemadolobheni. Kuwo wonke umhlaba kunamadolobha asogwini anezinga eliphezulu lokuba sengozini enkulu ezinkingeni zamazinga olwandle nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Amadolobha asukela IVenice neShanghai, eNew Orleans naseBangkok. Yonke le mizi isengcupheni yokuwa, kodwa kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi iJakarta ayenzi lutho olutheni ukubhekana nale nkinga.
Masingakhohlwa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu akugcini ngokwandisa amazinga olwandle, kodwa futhi nokuvama kweziphepho ezishisayo ezidala izinhlekelele ezinkulu emadolobheni asogwini.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-panorama yokushona kweJakarta.