Ngaphakathi kwesayensi efunda iplanethi yethu kukhona i-geology. Umuntu ofunda aphinde azilolonge nge-geology waziwa ngegama le-geologist. Baningi abantu abangazi wenzani isazi sokuma komhlaba.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi isazi sokuma komhlaba senzani nokuthi buyini ukubaluleka kwayo ekulondolozweni kweplanethi.
Wenzani isazi sokuma komhlaba?
Ukungena kulo mhlaba wocwaningo nolwazi lomhlaba, kumele siqale siqonde umqondo walaba chwepheshe, ukuthi siyini isazi sokuma komhlaba, ukuthi wenzani, ophethe ukucwaninga ngemvelaphi nomhlaba. Ukuvela koMhlaba, kucatshangelwa zonke izinsiza zemvelo ezinganikeza.
Onjiniyela bokwakheka komhlaba bamele umkhakha ophethe ukuphenya, ukuphenya, ukuqonda kanye nokuphenya yonke into ehlobene nomhlaba esihlala kuwo, okuhlanganisa ulwandle, amachibi, amahlathi nakho konke okuwazungezile kulolu cwaningo.
Yini i-geologist futhi akwenzayo kuhlobene kakhulu nocwaningo lwamatshe, inhlabathi, izinsalela nezintaba. Ngenxa yabo, ukuvela kwesintu, ukuhlukaniswa kwamazwekazi, ukwakheka kwezakhiwo ze-geological, ukwakheka kwezintaba-mlilo kanye nentuthuko eminingi ezinkingeni ze-geological kuye kwaholela ekutholweni okukhulu.
Onjiniyela be-Geological benza imisebenzi eminingi kunhloso yabo yokuqonda iplanethi nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe babantu ngaphandle kokuba nemiphumela emibi emhlabeni.
Ukuthi siyini isazi sokuma komhlaba nalokho esikwenzayo kuzogxila ezinhlosweni ezithile kuye ngegatsha le-geology agxile kulo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, laba chwepheshe banesibopho sokuqonda nokwenza okuthile:
- Funda ukwakheka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle komhlaba.
- Funda ukusatshalaliswa kwamapuleti e-tectonic.
- Baphenya ngesimo sezulu esidlule.
- Baphenya ngokumbiwa kwezimbiwa.
- Ukuhlola uwoyela negesi kanye nocwaningo lwemithombo yamanzi.
- Zivimbela izinhlekelele zemvelo.
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi isazi sokuma komhlaba siyini nokuthi senzani, ngaphezu kwale misebenzi, ongoti kulo mkhakha bahlonze. izimbangela zokuzamazama komhlaba, ubudala beqhwa, ukuvela kokuphila, kanye namasu ahlonziwe ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukuchithwa kukawoyela Izinkolelo-mbono eziningi, njengobuchwepheshe obusha nendlela yokuvimbela ukudilika kwenhlabathi, ziye zasetshenziswa futhi zaba nemiphumela emihle.
Amagatsha ezifundo ze-geologist
Maningi amagatsha e-geology, kodwa wonke agxila ngandlela thize ekongiweni nasekufundeni iplanethi. Ake sibheke amagatsha abaluleke kakhulu ukuze siqonde ukuthi siyini isazi sokuma komhlaba nokuthi wenzani:
Ubunjiniyela Bezomhlaba
Kusukela ku-geoengineering, idizayini yebhilidi nokwakha ukuya ocwaningweni olusetshenziswayo ukugcina ibhalansi yemvelo, ukongiwa kwenhlabathi, ukuvimbela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, njll., ukwenza amaphrojekthi asekelwe ekugwemeni imithelela yemvelo.
I-Environmental Geology
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo kuyingxenye yesazi sokuma komhlaba kanye nomsebenzi wakhe. Kusukela ku-geology yezemvelo, ukucwaninga nokulawulwa kobunzima emanzini, emhlabeni, izilwane, izitshalo, imisebenzi yabantu kanye nezinqubo zemvelo.
I-Geochemistry
Yini isazi sokuma komhlaba kanye nomsebenzi wakhe ku-geochemistry uhlobene nocwaningo nokwakheka kwamadwala noketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlaziya izinqubo zamakhemikhali ukuthi zenzeka phakathi eMhlabeni nasezingqimbeni zawo zangaphandle.
i-geomorphology
Ucwaningo lwezinguquko ebusweni bomhlaba olubangelwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhlukene, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene kuyingxenye yemisebenzi yalaba ochwepheshe.
I-Geophysics
Iyini isazi sokuma komhlaba nomsebenzi waso ukufunda i-geophysics, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya ukuzamazama komhlaba, imiphumela yamandla adonsela phansi, i-geomagnetism, njll. Okwenziwa yizazi ze-geophysicist ukubheka amadiphozi amaminerali namafutha.
I-Hydrogeology
Leli gatsha lifunda amanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi angaphezulu, ukuziphatha kwawo ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo, ubukhulu bawo kanye nokunyakaza kwawo.
I-oceanography
Kukhona ochwepheshe emkhakheni we-oceanography emkhakheni, ukusebenza esifundweni se-seafloor, i-ocean chemistry, i-meteorological oceanography, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nocwaningo lwamagagasi nemisinga. Izazi ze-geologists zasolwandle ziyingxenye yalesi sifundo.
paleontology kanye nezinsalela
Izazi ze- paleontologist geologists zifunda izinsalela, kusukela kumagciwane amancane kuya kuma-dinosaurs.
I-Sedimentology
Ukufunda ngenhlabathi yenhlabathi, ukuthi ihlanganiswa kanjani, ixutshwe nokuthi iba kanjani amatshe ayisimila nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi walaba chwepheshe.
Isayensi yokuzamazama komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba, imithombo elawulwayo, noma ukuqhuma kufundwa nge-seismology futhi kunenzuzo kakhulu ekubikezeleni ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyingozi, ukwenza imephu yengaphakathi lamaplanethi, nokuhlola izinsiza.
Ukwakheka komhlaba
Ukucwaninga ngokuguqulwa kwamadwala, i-plate tectonics, kanye ne-fault deformation kuyingxenye yomsebenzi we-structural geologist.
Amandla angajwayelekile kanye nama-geologists esikhathi esizayo
Ukuthi siyini isazi sokuma komhlaba nalokho akwenzayo kuhambisana nocwaningo lwa amandla asemhlabeni, amandla e-geothermal, amandla omoya namandla olwandle. Lona umkhakha okhulayo okhuthaza amaphrojekthi abaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozweni kweplanethi.
I-Volcanology kanye nezintaba-mlilo
Ukutadisha izintaba-mlilo, ukwakheka kwazo, indawo, nokubikezela ukuqhuma kwazo kungenye yezinto izazi zokuma komhlaba ezizenzayo, futhi uhlola namadwala akhiqizwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqhuma nokuqhuma kwemvelo.
Ngokuvamile, i-geology ibonakala igxile emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi kanye ucwaningo, uwoyela, amalahle, igesi yemvelo, i-geothermal, izimayini noma izimayini, ukuhlela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, izinsimbi, ezolimo, lezi ezinye zezifundo ezichaza lokho isazi sokuma komhlaba.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yilaba chwepheshe lunamandla okunciphisa umthelela noma umonakalo obangelwa izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nobungozi obungabikezelwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Akungabazeki ukuthi lona umsebenzi onomvuzo, futhi ulwazi lwethu ngomhlaba wethu omuhle kungenxa yocwaningo lwakho olunzulu.
iholo lesazi sokuma komhlaba
Ngokuqondene nomholo wesazi sokuma komhlaba, kuzoncika olwazini nolwazi analo, ngalo mqondo, imali engenayo cishe ifana nalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ochwepheshe be-geology abanolwazi olungaphansi konyaka ongu-1 bayazuza umholo wonyaka wama-$48,769.
- Uma isikhathi sakho emakethe yemisebenzi siphakathi konyaka ongu-1 no-4, umholo ojwayelekile wesazi sokuma komhlaba ngu-$53,093 ngonyaka.
- Phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 nengu-9 yesipiliyoni, uzothola imali elinganiselwa ku-$65,720 ngonyaka.
- Uma isazi sokuma komhlaba sineminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10 kodwa singaphansi kwama-20, umholo wakhe wonyaka uzoba u-$78.820.
- Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yesipiliyoni, umholo wakho wonyaka uzoba cishe u-$97.426.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngalokho okwenziwa yisazi sokuma komhlaba nokuthi kubaluleke ngani.