Iplanethi yethu kucatshangwa ukuthi yazalwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500 edlule. Indlela okwakubukeka ngayo emuva ngaleso sikhathi ayihlangene nalokho esikwaziyo namuhla. Kwakumane kungukuhlangana kwamatshe okwangaphakathi kwawo kwafudumala futhi kwabangela ukuhlangana kwazo zonke izakhi. Njengoba ipholile, izingqimba zangaphandle zaqina futhi ukushisa okwakuvela enkabeni yeplanethi kwancibilika futhi. Lapho iplanethi isinokuzinza okuthile, esikwaziyo njenge wawungu-geological.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezikhathi eziyinhloko zokuma komhlaba.
Umsuka weplanethi
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukucabangela izikhathi ze-geological, isikali se isikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Lapho uMhlaba wawungelutho ngaphandle kwenhlanganisela yamatshe ancibilikile, wawungeke uphathwe njengeplanethi. Inqubo yokupholisa nokushisa kwamadwala kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho izinga lokushisa lehla ebusweni laze lafika ezingeni lokuthi i Ukuqhuma komhlaba esitebeleni. Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.800 edlule.. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhathi njengoba sazi wawungakakhi futhi uMhlaba washaywa inani elikhulu lama-meteorite.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele sengeze ukuthi izintaba-mlilo bezisebenza ngokugcwele ngakho udaka lwageleza ngaphezulu ngobuningi obukhulu futhi lwadala ukuthi izinga lokushisa libe phezulu. Isayensi izamile ukutadisha zonke izinkathi zokuma komhlaba ezikhombisa ukuthi umhlaba wethu uguquka kanjani esikhathini eside. Lokhu kuphenya kwenzeke ngenxa yocwaningo lwamatshe nezinsalela eziqukethwe kokunye.
Ngemuva kokufunda amatshe ungazi imininingwane ehlukile efana:
- Mingaki iplanethi yethu.
- Amazinga okushisa abekhona ezinkathini ezahlukahlukene esidlule kuzo.
- Iminyakazo erekhodwe kuqweqwe lomhlaba futhi lokho kudale ukwakheka kwezintaba nokudangala.
- Ukwehlukahlukana kokwabiwa komhlaba nolwandle ebusweni beplanethi. Lokhu akuzange kuzinze phakathi nazo zonke izikhathi.
Ubudala bomhlaba bubaliwe ngenxa yomthethosisekelo wezinto ezinemisebe ezikhona emadwaleni. Ama-athomu e-uranium aguquka abe ama-athomu aholayo ngesilinganiso esihlala njalo. Uma uqhathanisa inani lomthofu edwaleni ngaphakathi kwe-uranium ore, ungabala ukuthi idwala eliqukethe lalakhiwa nini. Le yindlela okutholwa ngayo ulwazi lwakudala.
Izifundo zeminyaka yokwakheka komhlaba
Izinsalela ezahlukahlukene eziqukethwe emadwaleni asezintabeni nazo ziyafundwa. Ngenxa yalezi zinsalela, kuye kwaqashelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane nezitshalo ezaziphila ngalezi zikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasazi isimo sezulu esasikhona ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yobukhona bezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nezitshalo ngokufunda i-biology yazo.
Izinsalela zigcwele emadwaleni asezintabeni. I-fossil ayilutho ngaphandle kwensalela yezilwane noma imvelaphi yezitshalo egcinwe ngaphansi koqweqwe lomhlaba lapho kwakhiwa amadwala enhlabathi. Esikhathini ngasinye esidlule emhlabeni wethu, kunezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nezitshalo eziye zaphila ezingazange ziphikelele kwezinye. Yile ndlela izazi ze-geologists ezinganquma ngayo ukuthi kwakhiwa idwala elithile. Ngenxa yokuphakama kwezinsalela ezijwayelekile ungazi ubudala bedwala.
Ukuvela kweplanethi yethu sekwakhiwe kabusha ngenxa ye-geology. Amadwala aseSedimentary yiwo abekwa ezansi olwandle nasemachibini izigidi nezigidi zeminyaka. Amatshe asinika imininingwane sengathi ngamakhasi encwadi. Ngendlela yokuthi kube nokwazi ukuthi ukuvela kweplanethi yoMhlaba kuqukethe izigaba ezi-4 ezinkulu eziye zabizwa ngezinkathi zokuma komhlaba. Lezi zikhathi ze-geological yilezi: I-Proterozoic, iPaleozoic, iMesozoic, neCenozoic.
Kwakuyi-proterozoic
Lokhu uhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezaziwa nge-Archaic ne-Precambrian. Esikhathini sakudala sinesiqalo somlando lapho uMhlaba wawuyisigaba samagesi we-incandescent afana nesimo selanga. Kulesi sigaba kwakukhona ukwakheka kolwandle nokubonakaliswa kokuqala kokuphila. Amadwala ayakha ubuso aqhubeka aphola nomoya wakha.
Ku-Precambrian, uqweqwe lomhlaba lwalubuthakathaka kakhulu futhi lwakhiwa ikakhulu ngama-granite kanye nama-basalts. Kulesi sigaba, izindawo eziningi zoMhlaba zihlaselwe yizinto ezihlukile zangaphandle ezifana nemvula, umoya nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa, okwaholela endaweni elinganiselayo. Izinhlobo zokuphila zibonakaliswa ngesimo sezinto ezingama-unicellular ezifana namagciwane anamuhla. Lezi zidalwa azikwazanga ukushiya imikhondo yezinsalela.
Inkathi yePaleozoic
Kulesi sikhathi amazwe abesevele enikwe amandla abe nezingubo zokugqoka ezinamandla. Amatshe lawa ayesevele ayizinhlobo ze-limestone, zemabula ne-quartzite. Kukulesi sikhathi lapho kwakhiwa khona amadwala acebile ngekhabhoni. Kube nokuhlanzwa okukhulu komkhathi ngenxa yokwanda kwezitshalo zezwekazi.
Lesi sikhathi sithathwa njengonyaka wezinhlanzi kanye namaferns amakhulu. Isikhathi eside bekungekho kuthuka okukhulu eMhlabeni. Kubhekwa njengenye yezikhathi ezizinzile kakhulu ze-geological. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhululeka kwezindawo eseziqhamukile zolwandle.
Isikhathi seMesozoic
Ku Isikhathi se-Mesozoic ikhiqizwa ukuqhekeka okukhulu kwezwekazi elikhulu elibizwa ngePangea. Yilapho-ke inkolelo yokuthi Amapuleti eTectonic. Isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu sishintshe kaningi ukusuka komswakama kuya ogwadule. Kulapha lapho izilwane zathola khona ukuguqulwa okungaguquki nokuzivumelanisa nemvelo eguqukayo. Kwaqala ukwakheka kukawoyela.
Isikhathi seCenozoic
Ngalesi sikhathi esihlanganisa iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60 edlule Yilapho izidalwa zokuqala ezinjengomuntu zivele khona. Kusukela ekumisweni kokuqedwa kokugcina kulapho amadoda eseqale imashi yawo ehamba kancane eya empucukweni.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokuma komhlaba.