Namuhla sizokhuluma ngolunye lwezintaba-mlilo olubhekele enye yezinhlekelele zemvelo ezinkulu kakhulu ezenzeke ngokwemvelo emlandweni. Imayelana ne- Vesubio mont. Luhlobo lwentaba-mlilo olubangele ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yobukhulu obuyinhlekelele futhi njengamanje ithathwa njengenye yezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Yiyo kuphela intaba-mlilo esebenzayo etholakala ezwekazini laseYurophu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukwakheka komhlaba nobungozi iNtaba iVesuvius enayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Le volcano isendaweni yaseCampania eningizimu ye-Italy. Itholakala cishe cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-9 ukusuka edolobheni laseNaples. Kuyintaba-mlilo eyaziwa kahle ngokuba namagama athile afana neVesaevus, Vesevus, Vesbius neVesuve. Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko le volcano enayo ukuthi yakhiwa yi ukuqongelela kwezingqimba eziningana zodaka, umlotha wentaba-mlilo, i-pumice, nezinye izinto zokwakha. Zonke lezi zinto zenziwe ngokuqhuma okuncane futhi zanqwabelana ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka.
INtaba iVesuvius ihlukaniswa njengenye yezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuqhuma kwayo kwentaba-mlilo yilokho kohlobo lwentaba-mlilo oluyinhlanganisela noma uhlobo lwe-stratovolcano. Njengoba uphondo oluphakathi lwale volcano luqhamuke emgodini wentaba-mlilo, luwela esigabeni sentaba-mlilo i-somma. Kubhekwa njengenye yezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni futhi inesigaxa samamitha angaba ngu-1.281 ukuphakama. Lesi sigaxa saziwa ngegama lesigaxa Esikhulu. Izungezwe onqenqemeni lwesiqongo se-caldera esinge-Monte Somma. Le ntaba inokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.132.
INtaba iVesuvius neMount Somma zihlukaniswe isigodi i-Atrio di Cavallo. Ngokuya ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okwenzekayo, ukuphakama kwezigaxa kushintshiwe kuwo wonke umlando. Phezulu kwalezi zintaba-mlilo kunentaba-mlilo engaphezu kwamamitha angama-300 ukujula.
Ukwakheka kweNtaba iVesuvius
Ososayensi bakufundile ukwakheka kwale volcano kuwo wonke umlando futhi kwaziwa ukuthi kungaphezulu nje kwendawo engaphansi komhlaba. Le ndawo iphakathi kwamapuleti ase-Eurasia nawase-Afrika. Leli puleti lesibili liyachitheka ngaphansi kwelokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iyacwila ngaphansi kweyokuqala futhi ikwenza ngesilinganiso samasentimitha angu-3,2 ngonyaka. Leli zinga lokudilizwa yikho okwadala ukwakheka kweNtaba iSomma.
Le ntaba indala kunentaba-mlilo iVesuvius njengoba yakhiwa kuqala. Isikhathi eside kakhulu esikwazile ukufunda sivela endaweni enentaba-mlilo futhi sineminyaka engaba ngu-300.000 ubudala. Eminyakeni engama-25000 eyedlule kuyaziwa ukuthi ingxenye ephezulu yentaba-mlilo yaseSomma yawa kusuka ekuqhumeni okukhulu kakhulu futhi yilapho i-caldera yaqala ukudala khona. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwesigaxa okuyingxenye yeVesuvius akuqalanga kwaze kwaba cishe eminyakeni eyi-17.000 edlule. Lokhu kwenza iVesuvius ibe yintaba-mlilo yesimanje. Ukubonakala okuphelele kweGreat Cone of Vesuvius kwavela ngo AD 79. Ukuze uFranklin avele aqede ukwakha, kwakumele kube nokuqhuma okukhulu.
Kodwa-ke, leli sayithi selivele libhekane nokuqhuma okuthile okukhulu nokuqhuma futhi isifunda sihlaselwe wumsebenzi onamandla wokuzamazama komhlaba. Umsuka womsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeke kule ndawo kungenxa yokuhamba kwamapuleti ama-tectonic kanye nenqubo yokudonswa kwepuleti elilodwa kwelinye.
Siyazi ukuthi le ntaba-mlilo ibingumphumela we-magma osuka ebusweni selokhu izinhlabathi ezivela epuletini lase-Afrika zaphoqelelwa phansi. Lezi zidalwa zikhulu ngosayizi futhi zinamazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ekugcineni, lezi zidalwa zingancibilika ngenxa yezinga lokushisa futhi yikho okwenze ukuthi iqhubekele phezulu yaze yaphula ingxenye yoqweqwe lomhlaba.
Ukuqhuma kweMount Vesuvius
Sizobuyekeza konke ukuqhuma okubaluleke kakhulu le volcano eye yaba nakho. Kuyaziwa ukuthi enkulungwaneni yesibili BC kwenzeka lokho okuthiwa yi-Avelino. Kungokunye kokuqhuma okukhulu kunakho konke ngaphambili. Intaba-mlilo iVesuvius inomlando omude wokuqhuma futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ibuye yaba ngenye yezingozi kakhulu ngoba zonke zinamandla kakhulu. Okudala okuqinisekisiwe kwenzeka ngonyaka wama-6940 BC. Ngemuva kwalokho kube nokuqhuma okungaphezu kwama-50 okuqinisekisiwe nabanye abanosuku oluqondile.
Okunye ukuqhuma okunamandla amakhulu okukhona emlandweni konke kwenzeka ngonyaka wama-5960 BC. C. kanye no-3580. Lokhu kuqhuma okumbili bekunamandla impela futhi kubeke intabamlilo njengenye yezinkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Enkulungwaneni yesibili BC, kwenzeka lokho okwakuthiwa ukuqhuma kwe-Avelino, okwakungokunye kwamandla amakhulu kukho konke okwandulela umlando.
Ngaphandle kokuthi le volcano idume ngakho konke ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, okuqine kakhulu okwake kwaba khona kuwo wonke umlando ube namandla amakhulu futhi wabangela imiphumela kwaba yilowo owenzeka ngonyaka we-79 AD Kulapha ukuthi ngonyaka we-62 BC abahlali bezindawo ezizungezile bezwe ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla. Konke lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba akuzange kubamangaze abantu bendawo, njengoba babekujwayele. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kuka-79 AD, iVesuvius yaqhuma, yaxosha inani elikhulu lamafu amatshe, igesi yentaba-mlilo, umlotha, i-pumice efafazwe, idwala elincibilikisiwe, nezinye izinto. Zonke lezi zinto zaxoshwa ekuphakameni kwamakhilomitha angama-33 nokugeleza kwamathani ayi-1.5 ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kungenye yezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni futhi kwamangaza wonke umuntu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeNtaba iVesuvius nezimpawu zayo.