Kwezinye izinhlelo zesimo sezulu ezingaphambili ezihamba ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, imigqa ingabonakala ebalazweni ngokusobala umphakathi ongaqondi kahle. Lezi zinhlobo zolayini kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziswa ngokweqile ukuchaza izinkambu zemvula nezingcindezi ezibikezelwe ebusweni bomhlaba. Le migqa yaziwa njengemikhombe. Iningi labantu alazi uyini umkhombe nokuthi imeleni.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi uyini umkhombe, izici zawo nezinhlobo zawo.
Uyini umkhombe
Kunezincazelo ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwemibhalo yesayensi yokuthi uyini umkhombe. Singakusho lokho kuyindawo evulekile yezingcindezi eziphansi ezihlobene ebusweni noma emazingeni aphezulu. Ngokuvamile ayihlotshaniswa nokusakazwa okuvaliwe, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa ukuyihlukanisa naphansi. Okuphambene nalokho okususelwa emuva. Le ncazelo icishe ifane nomqondo womkhombe onamandla noma we-barometric. Kulezi zimo, kwanele ukubheka ubuncane bengcindezi yasemkhathini noma ukuphakama lapho ama-isolineas wokucindezeleka engavali ukudweba umkhombe.
Kanye nomkhombe ojwayelekile, kuvela umqondo wamanzi aguquliwe. Yilapho ama-isobars, okuyimigqa yengcindezi elinganayo, bethula ukuma okuhlukile kunoshizi ojwayelekile maqondana nokudangala okukhulu. Umkhombe ophendukezelwe kungathiwa unweba usuka enyakatho usuka ezansi kokudangala.
Umqondo womkhombe uhlobene nengcindezi yasemkhathini, izinga lokushisa noma amasimu omoya kepha ungalokothi unikwe imvula noma imeteorology ngaleso sikhathi.
Izinhlobo zemikhombe
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemikhombe ezikhona:
- Umkhombe weBarometric. Ihlobene nezindawo eziseduze ezingeni elifanayo, indawo yomkhathi enengcindezi yomoya ephansi. Imelwe ngama-isobars noma uhlelo lwama-isobars acishe afane futhi acishe afane no-V amiswe etafuleni lesimo sezulu, futhi amaphuzu alo amafushane akhomba kwingcindezi ephansi.
- Umkhombe onamandla. Izinhlobo zokucindezeleka zenzeka ngasemuva kohambo lwezintaba oludlula lubheke phezulu noma lucishe luqonde thwi phakathi komoya. Isibonelo, lokhu kwenzeka lapho umoya wasentshonalanga uhlangana nochungechunge lwezindawo ezisuka enyakatho ziye eningizimu.
- Dukelana nemimoya yasempumalanga. Indawo yengcindezi ephansi endaweni yemimoya yezohwebo, evame ukubukeka njengamanje kumoya ohamba usuka empumalanga uye entshonalanga.
- Kuniselwa imimoya yasentshonalanga. Ukuniselwa imimoya yasentshonalanga maphakathi nobubanzi, imvamisa ihambela empumalanga. Ukunwetshwa kwalomkhombe emimoyeni yasempumalanga yezindawo eziphansi kuhlotshaniswa nemimoya yasentshonalanga ephakeme, ngaphezu kwemimoya yasempumalanga yezingqimba ezingezansi.
- Umkhombe obandayo. Umkhombe wokucindezela umoya lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kunendawo eseduze.
- Umkhombe wePolar. Kuniselwa endaweni ezungeza entshonalanga ebanzi ngokwanele ukufinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezishisayo. Ubuso buhlobene nezigodi ezinengcindezi ephansi emoyeni oshisayo wasempumalanga, kepha imimoya yasentshonalanga ivela ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo. Ngokuvamile isuka entshonalanga iye empumalanga futhi ihambisana nesembozo sefu esiningi kuwo wonke amazinga. Amafu aminyene e-cumulus kanye ne-cumulonimbus athanda ukuvela naseduze nolayini wesigodi. Iziphepho zikaJuni nango-Okthoba entshonalanga yeCaribbean zivame ukwakheka ezigodini ezibandayo.
Singaqhubeka nokubuka nokuhlaziya uhlu lwamagama ngaphandle kokuthola iziphetho eziqinile. Kuzo zonke izincazelo zezithenjwa, amagama ezindawo noma wesikhashana axhumanisa ubukhona bezigodi ezinezakhiwo ezincane zendawo nezesikhashana awaveli, yize lokhu kucatshangelwa ngokuphelele: izigodi ziyizakhiwo ezingaphansi, empeleni ezingakhombisi ubuso besikhathi. Ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini ukucindezeleka, sizoxoxa ngochungechunge lwezisekelo zokuqala.
Izinhlelo zangaphambili
Amaphethelo achazwa ngokusobala ngokuyekiswa kwendawo nokwesikhashana phakathi kwenqwaba yomoya eyenzeka maphakathi nobubanzi futhi ahlobene neziphepho ezingaphandle komhlaba. Cishe, ubukhulu bayo bendawo nobude bayo bokuphila buyenza iwele ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi isimo sezulu. Ukumelwa kwayo kuyaziwa futhi kulula ukukhonjwa.
Sinengaphambili elichazwe kahle, eliwukuyeka ukusebenza phakathi kwenqwaba yomoya enezici ezahlukahlukene zezulu ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa, umswakama, umoya, njll. Ingaphambili elijwayeleke kakhulu ezingeni lesimo sezulu liqala ukuba nesakhiwo esinobukhulu obuthathu, ngakho-ke ukuyekiswa kufinyelela ezingeni elilinganisiwe, ngokwesibonelo kuze kufike ku-700-500 hPa. Imikhawulo yakudala (imingcele ebandayo, imingcele efudumele, nezindawo ezihlanganayo) ayiyona nje indlela yokwenza umkhathi ukwaba kabusha ama-gradients amile futhi amile okushisa nomswakama phakathi kwamaphethelo afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele nezindawo ezibandayo ze-polar. Zihlobene neziphepho ezedlula indawo noma izivunguvungu futhi zinesimo sezulu. Ingaphambili lihlobene nezinguquko zesimo sezulu.
Uma uhlelo lwangaphambili lungenakho ukubonakala kwangaphandle, ngaphambili kuthiwa lide. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zakhiwo ezinhle zinophawu lwazo lwangaphambili, yize ezinye zizidweba njengemikhombe.
Imikhombe kanye nolayini bokungazinzi komkhathi
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, Imikhombe idonswa njengezinto ezihlobene nokwakheka kwezulu okungekho ngaphambili kwezinyanga ezishisa kakhulu, okwakhiwa ngokugxila okuyisisekelo okuvela imini nobusuku. Lokhu kudangala okucatshangwayo okudwetshwe ebalazweni lesimo sezulu kuzama ukuxhasa inkambu yamafu, ikakhulukazi inkambu yemvula ebikezelwayo noma ehlaziyiweyo, evame ukutolikwa njengomugqa wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma ukuwohloka ngenxa yokuhlangana. Iphuzu liwukuthi, kwesinye isikhathi le mizila engazinzile isekelwa ngokufaka okunamandla kakhulu nokushisa kanye namazinga aphezulu okushisa asezingeni eliphansi, konke okungadala indawo evumelana nokuhanjiswa. Ngalo mqondo, ukucindezelwa kuvame ukudonswa ngemuva komugqa wokumboza kwezulu / wefu, ohlobene nokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu okuhlobene nokuhanjiswa komkhumbi neziphepho.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi uyini umkhombe nezici zawo.