Hlolisisa ibhaluni

Hlolisisa ibhaluni ku-stratosphere

El uphenyo lwebhaluni noma ibhaluni le-stratospheric ibhaluni elikwazi ukuhamba eduze kwe- stratosphere ukubamba imininingwane ngemvelo. I-stratosphere itholakala ebangeni eliphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-11 kuye kwangama-50 futhi kulapho ungqimba lwe-ozone lutholakala khona. Okuhlukile kwebhaluni lephenyo ukuthi lisebenza njengethuluzi lokucwaninga ngokwesayensi ngokwazi ukwenza izindiza ezizinzile isikhathi eside engxenyeni enkulu yomkhathi. Ezinye izimoto ezinjengezindiza noma ama-rocket okuhlola azikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi esanele ukuphakama ukuze zikwazi ukuthola imininingwane eyanele.

Kule ndatshana sizochaza zonke izici, okusetshenziswayo nokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani iphenyo yebhaluni.

Izici eziyinhloko

Hlolisisa ibhaluni

Ukusebenza kwaleli baluni lokuhlola kususelwa kumgomo ka-Archimedes. Kuthatha ngokunenzuzo ukuphakamisela phezulu okubangelwa igesi elula kunomoya. Njengenjwayelo, i-hydrogen noma i-helium isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esanele ukuze ukwazi ukunweba isifudumezi esibhakabhakeni. Inesistimu enezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko: ibhaluni uqobo kanye nesitimela esibizwa ngendiza lapho kutholakala khona izinsimbi ezidingekayo ukuthola ulwazi kuphenyo.

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinsimbi onazo ukuthola ulwazi:

  • Inomshini osebenzela ukwehlukanisa umthwalo okhokhelwayo.
  • Ine- i-parachute ukuze ikwazi ukululama nezinsimbi kancane kancane futhi ngaphandle kokuyilimaza.
  • Inesistimu yezokuxhumana ukwazi ukwamukela nokudlulisa imiyalo khona manjalo kokubili imbulunga kanye nezinsimbi ezisendizeni.
  • Uhlelo lwayo lwe-telemetry luyakwazi ukukala ngokunemba okukhulu ukuphakama, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi nokuma kohlelo lonke kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama.
  • Ine-reflector engenzi lutho efana ne-radar.
  • Inezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokukhetha i-ballast.
  • Umthombo wawo omkhulu wamandla amabhethri futhi, ngohambo olude, ama-solar panel.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokubonwayo, ukulayishwa kuvame ukufakwa esakhiweni sesitsha esibizwa nge-gondola. I-gondola ingasetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuvikela izinsimbi zokulinganisa. Lo mshado unesibopho sokuthambisa umthelela ekufikeni noma uwusizo njengokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela eziqondile zokukhomba noma iziqukathi ezinengcindezi.

Izinhlobo zephenyo yebhaluni

ukwakheka kwamabhaluni

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-catheters amabhaluni ngokuya ngenhloso enkulu. Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhona ngokuma, ubukhulu, okokusebenza noma indlela yokwakha, sizozikhawulela ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo zamabhaluni okuphenya ngokuya ngokusebenza kwazo. Kunamabhaluni ophenyo avulekile futhi avaliwe.

Amabhaluni we-Open probe aziwa nangokuthi yi-zero pressure. Ingxenye yazo engezansi ivuleke ngendlela yokuthi uma igesi ikhuphuka inwebe ize ifinyelele esimeni sokulingana phakathi kwengcindezi yangaphandle nengaphakathi. Noma ikuphi ukunyuka kwengcindezi yangaphakathi ngenxa yokushisa okuvezwa yilanga, kunxeshezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokukhipha kwemvelo igesi engxenyeni yayo engezansi noma ngokufaka amashubhu anamathele kuyo.

Amabhaluni okuphenya avaliwe yilawo aziwa ngegama le-superpressure. Lawa ngamakamelo avaliwe ngokuphelele futhi angangeni manzi angavumeli ukuphunyuka komoya noma kwegesi. Lapho kukhona ukwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kusekelwa imvilophu eqinisiwe yebhaluni. Le imvilophu iyakwazi ukunwetshwa ngendlela yokuthi ifinyelele eqophelweni eliphezulu futhi ingene esimeni sokulingana, izivimbele ekukhuleni.

Izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa

Ibhaluni le-probe lakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinemvelo epulasitiki. Enye yazo i-polyethylene nezinye izingoma ezi-multilayer ezinamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene avela kuzo. Imvamisa iphathwa ngamafilimu angamamitha amancane amancane kuphela. Lokhu kubenza babe oplastikhi abakhanya ngokwedlulele nabamelana nezimo abakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezahlukahlukene, yize bebuthaka ekusingatheni.

Ekwenziweni kwalolu hlobo lwebhaluni lesayensi, izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zalokhu okushiwo ngenhla ziyasikwa futhi zihlanganiswe ngohlobo oluthile lokushisa ngesihlanganisi esenziwe ngokukhethekile ukuhambisa isisindo esiningi ebhaluni. Ingxenye engenhla ifakiwe futhi kufakwa ipuleti lepulasitiki elizosebenza ukufaka ibhaluni ngaphambi kokuqalisa i-valve. Lokhu kuvumela igesi ukuthi ibaleke. Phansi, kufakwa indandatho ye-aluminium evalayo, noma kungenjalo ngokuphelele, futhi sonke isitimela sendiza sixhunywe.

Ukuze ukwazi ukwakha lolu hlobo lwamabhaluni okuphenya, kudingeka ingqalasizinda enkulu enezikhala zomsebenzi ezinkulu zokusika nokunamathisela umuntu ongaphansi. Njengamanje zimbalwa izinkampani ezikwazi ukuzakha. Kuthatha cishe ivolumu esondele kumamitha ama-cubic ayisigidi futhi, uma usuqedile, ube ne-polyethylene ephelele yamahektha amaningana.

Ukwethulwa kwebhaluni lesayensi

Inhloso enkulu yesigaba sokuqalisa ukukwazi ukuthola ukuphakama okuqondile ngaphandle kokulimaza ibhaluni. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqalisa. Ngayinye yazo yehluka ngokuya ngengqalasizinda lapho itholakala khona. Kumele sicabangele izimo ezisemkhathini, uhlobo lokukhokhelwa okuzothuthwa kanye nevolumu yebhaluni ezokwethulwa.

Lezi zinhlobo zokwethulwa zehliselwa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: ukwethulwa okumile lapho isikhundla sebhaluni eligcwele umoya silungiswa ngendlela yokuthi ngokwemvelo ihlale emthwalweni wayo. Ukwethulwa kweDynamic lapho kusetshenziswa khona imoto yokwethula nomthwalo ongaphansi kwebhaluni ngenkathi iphakanyiswa ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela.

Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwebhaluni iqala ukukhokhisa ngejubane elihlobene nesisindo sesethi kanye nenani elengeziwe legesi i-bubble ijojowe ngesikhathi sokwehla kwamandla emali okubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wamahhala. Ingxenye eyingozi kunazo zonke yendiza yilapho ifinyelela khona ekunqandeni. Kulapha lapho kukhona ukuguqulwa kokushisa okungadala ukwehluleka okuthile ezimpisini.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nebhaluni lesayensi.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.