Uphahla lwamafu

uphahla lwamafu

Uma singajwayelene ngokuphelele nolimi lobuchwepheshe olusetshenziswa ku-meteorology, ikakhulukazi ulimi lobuchwepheshe olusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-aeronautics, singaphambanisa kalula iziqongo zamafu uphahla lwamafu. Okusho ukuthi, izingxenye zazo zitholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme. Kodwa-ke, uphahla olushiwo ngenhla lubhekisela kokuphambene ngqo: phansi kwamafu njengoba kubonakala ebusweni boMhlaba. Ukwazi ukuthi ukuphakama kophahla kanye namafu kuphakeme kangakanani nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi ngezizathu ezimbalwa.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nophahla lwamafu, yiziphi izici zayo kanye nokusebenziseka kwayo.

Lenzeka kanjani ifu

izinhlobo zamafu

Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuchaza uphahla lwamafu, sidinga ukuchaza ukuthi zakha kanjani. Uma kukhona amafu esibhakabhakeni, kufanele kube nokupholisa umoya. "Umjikelezo" uqala ngelanga. Njengoba imisebe yelanga ishisa umhlaba, iphinde ishise umoya ozungezile. Umoya ofudumele uba uminyene kancane, ngakho uvame ukuphakama futhi esikhundleni somoya opholile, ominyene.. Njengoba ukuphakama kokuphakama kukhuphuka, ama-gradient ashisayo emvelo abangela ukuba amazinga okushisa ehle. Ngakho-ke, umoya uyaphola.

Lapho ifika ongqimbeni olupholile lomoya, iyajiya ibe umhwamuko wamanzi. Lo mhwamuko awubonakali ngeso lenyama ngoba wakhiwe ngamaconsi amanzi nezinhlayiya zeqhwa. Izinhlayiya zinosayizi omncane kangangokuthi zingabanjwa emoyeni ngokugeleza komoya okume mpo okuncane.

Umehluko phakathi kokwakheka kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamafu kungenxa yamazinga okushisa okufiphala. Amanye amafu akheka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanti amanye emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ukushisa okuphansi kokubunjwa, "okukhulu" ifu lizoba.. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezithile zamafu ezikhiqiza imvula kanti ezinye ezingakukhiqizi. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, ifu elakhayo lizoqukatha amakristalu eqhwa.

Esinye isici esithinta ukwakheka kwamafu ukuhamba komoya. Amafu, adalwe lapho umoya unganyakazi, avame ukuvela ngokwezigaba noma ukwakheka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo ezinemisinga enamandla eqondile eyakhiwe phakathi komoya noma umoya ziletha intuthuko enkulu eqondile. Ngokuvamile, lesi sakamuva yimbangela yezimvula neziphepho.

ukujiya kwefu

isibhakabhaka esinamafu

Ugqinsi lwefu, esingalichaza njengomehluko phakathi kobude balo phezulu naphansi, lingashintshashintsha kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwalo mpo nakho kuyahluka kakhulu.

Singabona ongqimbeni olumnyama lwe-leden grey nimbus, lokho ifinyelela ugqinsi lwamamitha angu-5.000 futhi ithatha ingxenye enkulu ye-troposphere emaphakathi nephansi, ongqimbeni oluncane lwamafu we-cirrus, olungengaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 ububanzi, olusezingeni eliphezulu, luwela ifu eliwumbukwane le-cumulonimbus (i-thundercloud), eliwugqinsi elingamamitha angu-10.000 XNUMX, elinwebeka liqonde cishe kuwo wonke umkhathi ophansi.

Uphahla lwamafu esikhumulweni sezindiza

uphahla lwamafu aphezulu

Ulwazi mayelana nezimo zezulu eziqashelwayo nezibikezelo ezikhumulweni zezindiza lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusuka nokuhla okuphephile. Abashayeli bezindiza banokufinyelela imibiko enekhodi ebizwa ngokuthi i-METAR (izimo eziqashelwayo) kanye ne-TAF [noma i-TAFOR] (izimo ezilindelekile). Eyokuqala ibuyekezwa njalo ngehora noma isigamu sehora (kuye ngokuthi sezindiza noma air base), kuyilapho eyesibili ibuyekezwa njalo izikhathi eziyisithupha (izikhathi ezi-4 ngosuku). Kokubili kuqukethe amabhulokhi e-alphanumeric ahlukene, amanye abika ukumboza kwamafu (ingxenye yesibhakabhaka embozwe ingxenye yesishiyagalombili noma yesishiyagalombili) neziqongo zamafu.

Embikweni wesimo sezulu sesikhumulo sezindiza, ukuguquguquka okudlule kukhokhwa ngokuthi FEW, SCT, BKN, noma OVC. Kuvela emibikweni EMIMBALWA uma amafu egqamile futhi ethatha ama-oktas angu-1-2 kuphela, ahambisana nesibhakabhaka esicwathile kakhulu. Uma sinama-oktas angu-3 noma angu-4, sizoba ne-SCT (scatter), okungukuthi, ifu elihlakazekile. Ileveli elandelayo i-BKN (ephukile), esiyikhomba njengesibhakabhaka esiguqubele esinamafu phakathi kuka-5 no-7 oktas, futhi ekugcineni usuku oluguqubele, olufakwe ikhodi njenge-OVC (elinamafu), elinobufu obungu-8 oktas.

Phezulu kwefu, ngokwencazelo, ukuphakama kwesisekelo samafu esiphansi kunazo zonke ngaphansi kwamafidi angu-20.000 (cishe amamitha angu-6.000) futhi lokho kuhlanganisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yesibhakabhaka (> 4 oktas). Uma imfuneko yokugcina (i-BKN noma i-OVC) ifinyelelwa, idatha ehlobene nesizinda samafu sesikhumulo sezindiza izonikezwa embikweni.

Okuqukethwe kwe-METAR (idatha yokubona) kunikezwa amathuluzi abizwa ngokuthi ama-nephobasimeters (ama-ceilometers ngesiNgisi, asuselwe egameni elithi siling), owaziwa nangokuthi ama-nephobasimeters, noma "ama-cloudpiercers" ngamagama asetshenziswa kakhulu. Okuvame kakhulu kusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-laser. Ngokukhipha ama-pulses okukhanya kwe-monochromatic phezulu nokuthola imisebe ebonisiwe evela emafwini aseduze nomhlabathi, ingalinganisela ngokunembile ubude beziqongo zamafu.

phezulu kwesiphepho

Phakathi nesigaba sokuhamba ngomkhumbi, lapho indiza indizela endaweni engaphezulu, abashayeli bezindiza kufanele banake ngokukhethekile izivunguvungu ezisendleleni, njengoba ukukhula okuma mpo okukhulu okufinyelelwa amafu athile e-cumulonimbus kubaphoqa ukuba bazigweme futhi bagweme ukusondela kuzo. Qaphela ukuthi kulezi zimo, ukundiza phezu kwamafu esiphepho kuba ukuziphatha okuyingozi okumelwe kugwenywe ukuze kuphephe indiza. Ulwazi lwe-radar oluthwelwe yindiza luhlinzeka ngendawo yomgogodla wesiphepho esihlobene nendiza, okuvumela umshayeli ukuba ashintshe indlela uma kunesidingo.

Ukuze uthole umbono oqinile wokuphakama kweziqongo zalawa mafu amakhulukazi e-cumulonimbus, kusetshenziswa ama-radar asekelwe phansi esimo sezulu akwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe. Imikhiqizo ehlinzekwe yinethiwekhi ye-AEMET ihlanganisa ukukhanya, imvula enqwabelene (isilinganiso semvula emahoreni angu-6 adlule) kanye nama-ecotops (ama-echotops, ekuqaleni abhalwe ngesiNgisi).

Lesi sakamuva simele ukuphakama okuhlobene okuphezulu (ngamakhilomitha) kokubuya kwe-radar noma isignali yokubuyisela, ngokusekelwe kumkhawulo wokubukeka osetshenziswa njengereferensi, ngokuvamile ilungiswa ku-12 dBZ (decibel Z), njengoba ingekho imvula ngaphansi kwayo. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi asikwazi ukuhlonza kahle ingxenye engaphezulu yendawo ezungezile nesivunguvungu, ngaphandle kwasesilinganisweni sokuqala, kodwa endaweni ephakeme kakhulu lapho isichotho singaba khona.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nophahla lwamafu kanye nezici zalo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.