Ukuqapha isimo somgodi kusendlalelo se-ozone, ukuhlushwa kwe-ozone ku-stratosphere kukalwe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ngesathelayithi. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi sokulinganisa, ekugcineni kutholakale izimpawu zokutholakala komhlaba ungqimba lwe-ozone, sibonga imizamo eyenziwe emhlabeni jikelele ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyichithayo.
Ingabe imiphumela emihle oyithole mayelana nobukhulu besendlalelo se-ozone?
Indima yesendlalelo se-ozone
Isendlalelo se-ozone simane siyindawo ye-stratosphere lapho ukugxila kwale gesi kuphakeme kakhulu. Lo gesi usebenza njengesivikelo emisebeni yelanga eyi-ultraviolet eyingozi. Ngenxa yalokho, Asishisi isikhumba sethu ngokuzichaya elangeni, izitshalo zingaphila futhi zenze ifotosinthesize, njll.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuthi ungqimba lwe-ozone lusesimweni esihle lubalulekile empilweni njengoba sazi ukuthi iplanethi kufanele ithuthuke. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, kukhishwa amagesi amakhulu aqeda ungqimba lwe-ozone, njenge-chlorofluorocarbon. Lawa magesi asabela ngezinhlayiya ze-ozone ku-stratosphere, aziqede. Ngenxa yabo kuye kwakhiwa imbobo edumile kusendlalelo lwe-ozone.
Imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone akuyona imbobo ngokwayo, ngoba uma kunjalo, kungaba yingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, njengoba itholakala e-Antarctica futhi ingavumela ukuncibilika ngokushesha kweqhwa laleli zwekazi. Lo "mgodi" umane wehla ekugxileni kwalolu ungqimba oluzungeze i-Antarctica.
Lapho i-ozone eyingozi ingenisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet eyingozi evela elangeni, ukuvezwa kwale misebe kuyanda, kubangele umdlavuza wesikhumba, i-cataract kanye nokuphazamiseka kumasosha omzimba. Zithinta nezilwane, izitshalo, ngisho ne-phytoplankton encane.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-ozone
I-ozone, etholakala ku-stratosphere, itholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-11-50 ngenhla komhlaba yaqala ukwehla ngeminyaka yama-70s yekhulu elidlule. Ukwehliswa okuphawuleka kakhulu kusukela lapho ungqimba lwe-ozone luphakathi kuka-4 no-8% eminyakeni eyishumi.
Ngenxa yezivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba ezinjengeMontreal Protocol, evimbela ukusetshenziswa nokuncishiswa kwezinto ezibhubhisa ungqimba lwe-ozone, ukuthambekela kokunciphisa kuye kwaphazamiseka.
Iziphuphutheki eziqhubeka nokuqapha nokuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-ozone kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba zikwazile ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala zokululama. AmaSatellites anikela ngezilinganiso ezanele, yize umkhawulo wawo wesikhashana uwavimba ekwenzeni ama-panorama amaningi wokuhlushwa kwe-ozone. Ososayensi besimo sezulu balinganisela ukuthi ukufundwa kwe-satellite ozone kuzothatha iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu futhi ayadingeka ukuze akwazi ukuhlaziya ukuthambekela kokugxila kwe-ozone ngokunemba okukhulu.
Ngokuya ngesizini yonyaka esikuwo nomsebenzi welanga, ukuhlushwa kwe-ozone akuhlali kuzinzile unyaka wonke. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ukuthambekela kokuhlushwa eminyakeni edlule hhayi ukugxila okuthile. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka izinyathelo emashumini eminyaka ukufakazela ukuthi ngabe abantu babangela ukuthi imbobo kusendlalelo lwe-ozone iqale ukuphola.
Ukuphendula le nkinga, ososayensi abavela ku- I-ESA Initiative Change Initiative Zivumelanisa izilinganiso ezivela kumasathelayithi ahlukahlukene ukuthola umbono wesikhathi eside wokuhlukahluka kwe-ozone.
“Ngokuhlanganisa imininingwane evela ku-Climate Change Initiative nedatha evela ku-NASA, sibona ngokusobala izitayela ezingezinhle ku-ozone yomkhathi ongaphezulu ngaphambi kuka-1997 nemikhuba emihle ngemuva kwalolo suku. Amathrendi e-stratosphere ephezulu ngaphesheya kwezindawo ezishisayo abalulekile ngokwezibalo futhi aqala ukuvuselelwa kwe-ozone, "usho kanje. UViktoria Sofieva, Senior Research Scientist eFinland Meteorological Institute.
Ngenxa yalokhu, namuhla singazi ukuthambekela kongqimba lwe-ozone.