Uma senza izifundo ze-hydrographic sibheka ukuhlangana kweminye imifula nabanye. Ekuqaleni, lapho umfula owodwa noma eminingi ijoyina, kubhekwa njenge- umthelo lowo mfula obaluleke kangako. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunokuhlukahluka okuningi njengoba sizobona kulo lonke i-athikili.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ukuthi yini umthelo nokuthi yiziphi izici ezicatshangwayo lapho kuqanjwa umfula oyisitha somunye.
Yini umthelo
Lapho umfula owodwa noma eminingi ijoyina, imvamisa, omncane uthathwa njengomuntu osizwayo. Ukubaluleka komfula othile noma omunye kuxhomeke ebungako bokugeleza, ubude noma ingaphezulu le-akhawunti yayo. Lowo onokugeleza okuncane, ubude noma isibalo esincane uzoba ngumthelela entanjeni yomfula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Singabona ezinye izibonelo ezifana noMfula iMississippi, ontela yawo uMfula iMissouri kanye lingamakhilomitha angama-600 ubude futhi linomcengezi ubude obuphindwe kathathu.
Sithola nemifula iMiño neNarcea emfushane futhi egeleza kancane kunemifula yabo, iSil neNalón, ngokulandelana. Konke lokhu okwehlukile kusenza sibone ukuthi ukubaluleka komfula cishe njalo kuyindaba ye-toponymy, okusho ukuthi, awukho umqondo ongenakuphikiswa wokuthi yimuphi umfula omkhulu futhi okuyiwona ogelezayo.
Amagama asetshenzisiwe ukukhombisa isimo senkokhiso maqondana nokugeleza okuyinhloko imvamisa: umsele owesobunxele noma wesokudla, umugqa owesokunxele noma wesokudla. Ngale ndlela singazi ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye emfuleni ongabalulekanga kakhulu efakwe kokukhulu. Okwenziwa yilawa magama kuchaza, ngokombono wamanzi eyanikezayo, ithambeka eliphansi maqondana nendlela lapho umfula uhamba khona.
Ihlelwa kanjani imithamo?
Uma sikhuluma ngomfula omkhulu nayo yonke imifula yawo, kufanele sihlele ukusuka kulabo abasondele kakhulu emthonjeni womfula kuya kulabo abasondele kakhulu emlonyeni. Zivame ukuhlelwa esigabeni sabaphathi. Sine-oda lokuqala, i-oda lesibili, ne-oda lesithathu. I-oda lokuqala elincane linosayizi omncane kakhulu. I-oda lesibili yilona elenziwa ngemithamo emibili noma ngaphezulu ehambisana ne-oda lokuqala futhi elihlanganayo ukuyakha. I-oda lesithathu libaluleke kakhulu futhi likhulu kakhulu.
Enye indlela yoku-oda nokuhlela imifula yomfula ukusuka emlonyeni kuya emthonjeni. Ngale ndlela sizobe sisinika isakhiwo se-dendritic. Indlela esebenzayo yokusebenzisa izindlela zombili ukuzihlukanisa ngamacala: imifudlana efika ivela kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla inqobo nje uma ikhanda noma umthombo wayo usendaweni yomlomo womfula omkhulu. Le yindlela yokuhlukanisa imifula ephathelene nokugeleza kwemifula okuguquguqukayo lapho kuhlangana khona emibili noma ngaphezulu yayo. Kuneminye imifula egelezela emfuleni omkhulu ngemuva kokuhamba amabanga amade.
Bekuhlale kuthiwa umthombo womfula uqala entabeni uphelele olwandle. Akudingeki kube njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi lokhu. Endabeni yemifula eyimifula yeminye emikhulu, sithola ukuthi umlomo awugcini olwandle kodwa embhedeni womunye umfula ophehla ukugeleza. Kujwayelekile ukubona imifula enyakatho Nenkabazwe ebhange layo elikhulu lingakwesobunxele futhi lenza i-engeli ebukhali kakhulu ngomlomo wayo. Iningi lemifula eyimifula yomunye ngebhange elifanele yakha i-engeli cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ilungile. Konke okuhlukile kungenxa yezici zosizo.
Yini indle?
Njengoba nje sichazile ukuthi yini indle, kufanele sisho ukuthi yini okushiwo ukungcola. Ngokuphambene nalokho. Kungukuphambukiswa okungokwemvelo noma okufakelwayo okuphuma ngaphandle komfula omkhulu womfula omkhulu kudlule komncane. Ezimweni eziningi, lapho kwenzeka ukungcola okungokwemvelo, kwenzeka ezindaweni eziseduze nase-deltas zemifula. Kukhona nezimo lapho, ngenxa yokukhululeka, kungenzeka futhi nakwezinye izingxenye zomfula. Ezinye izibonelo zazo ngumfula iCasiquiare maqondana ne- Umfula i-Orinoco.
Kukaningi ukubona ukungcola kungokwemvelo yokufakelwa ukuze kusizakale amanzi ezolimo nemfuyo. Lokhu kudala umgudu wokuphakelwa kwamanzi ezifundeni eziqhelelene kakhulu nolwandle olukhulu.
Ucwaningo nezifundo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuvele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uMfula i-Amazon unezinkokhelo ezithile emazingeni angaphansi komhlaba. Lezi zinhlawulo zazizovela eminyakeni eminingi edlule ezazihamba amakhilomitha. Kunocwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi eBrazil oluye lwafika esiphethweni sokuthi eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule kwakukhona umfula ongaphansi komhlaba owawungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-6000 ubude otholakala ezinkulungwaneni zamamitha ngaphansi komhlaba.
Lezi zifundo zizokwenziwa emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kawoyela ebisetshenziswa kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70. Ngenxa yokubholwa kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kukhona ukunyakaza okungamamitha angu-4000 ngaphansi komfula. Lo mfula ongaphansi komhlaba wabizwa ngokuthi yiHamza futhi wahlonishwa umqondisi walo lonke uphenyo nokuthi, futhi, kungaba nguye owanikeza umbono wokuthi kungaba nokuhamba kwamanzi ngaphansi komhlaba. Wenza isiqiniseko sokuqinisekisa ubukhona balo mfula futhi kungashiwo ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi lonke ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon liphakelwa ngamanzi asemabhodini amabili: uMfula i-Amazon noMfula iHamza.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, imifula yomfula akudingeki ibe mincane ngokuqinile, ngokugeleza okuncane noma ngosayizi omncane we-akhawunti, kepha kunalokho incike kwezinye izinto zokulungisa lokhu. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalo lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini umthelo nokuthi ubaluleke kangakanani kwi-hydrogeography.